Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2012 Sep;19(3):119-23. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2012.02.007.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to infect large numbers of people, including children, worldwide. The virus produces much of its clinical impact by infecting cellular components of the immune system. However, HIV also has the propensity to infect the brain, where it can induce substantial pathology and impair brain function. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced the severity and prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Nevertheless, substantial morbidity and mortality continue to stem from HIV infection of the nervous system. This article reviews the pathogenesis of HIV-induced central nervous system disease, the pathological and clinical effects of HIV infection within the brain, and the controversies and challenges of the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy for prevention and treatment of HIV-induced central nervous system dysfunction.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）继续在全球范围内感染大量人群，包括儿童。该病毒通过感染免疫系统的细胞成分产生了大量的临床影响。然而，HIV 也有感染大脑的倾向，在大脑中它可以引起大量的病理学变化并损害大脑功能。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法已经降低了与 HIV 相关的神经认知障碍的严重程度和流行率。尽管如此，大量的发病率和死亡率仍源于 HIV 对神经系统的感染。本文综述了 HIV 引起的中枢神经系统疾病的发病机制，HIV 感染大脑内的病理和临床影响，以及高效抗逆转录病毒疗法在预防和治疗 HIV 引起的中枢神经系统功能障碍方面的争议和挑战。
