Ge Lichao, Tian Xianjiang, Sun Chunfeng, Hu Piao, Yu Mei
The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, People's Republic of China.
Int J Gen Med. 2025 Sep 9;18:5213-5232. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S528870. eCollection 2025.
The phenomenon of metabolic syndrome in patients with HIV infection has attracted increasing attention. HIV infection increases the risk of metabolic complications, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Meanwhile, the potential metabolic side effects of antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients have emerged as a new clinical challenge. This study delineates the potential mechanisms underlying HIV-associated metabolic syndrome, encompassing inflammation and immune activation, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, mitochondrial and vascular endothelial abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic alterations, and the application of certain antiretroviral drugs. These mechanisms interact and exacerbate each other, with inflammation and immune activation playing a pivotal role. This study also discusses the potential associations between HIV infection and various metabolic diseases, and consolidates clinical management recommendations for HIV-associated metabolic syndrome, including diet, exercise, and lipid, glucose, and blood pressure management.
HIV感染患者的代谢综合征现象已引起越来越多的关注。HIV感染增加了代谢并发症的风险，包括心血管疾病和糖尿病。同时，抗逆转录病毒疗法在HIV患者中潜在的代谢副作用已成为一项新的临床挑战。本研究阐述了HIV相关代谢综合征的潜在机制，包括炎症和免疫激活、糖脂代谢紊乱、线粒体和血管内皮异常、肠道微生物群失调、表观遗传改变以及某些抗逆转录病毒药物的应用。这些机制相互作用并相互加剧，炎症和免疫激活起着关键作用。本研究还讨论了HIV感染与各种代谢疾病之间的潜在关联，并汇总了针对HIV相关代谢综合征的临床管理建议，包括饮食、运动以及血脂、血糖和血压管理。
