Buccione R, Schroeder A C, Eppig J J
Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609.
Biol Reprod. 1990 Oct;43(4):543-7. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod43.4.543.
Oocytes and their companion somatic cells maintain a close association throughout oogenesis and this association is essential for normal oocyte and follicular development. This review summarizes current concepts of the role of the somatic cells in the regulation of mammalian oocyte growth, the maintenance of meiotic arrest, the induction of oocyte maturation, and the acquisition of full embryonic developmental competence during oocyte maturation in vitro. Gap junctions appear to mediate these regulatory processes. The regulatory interaction of oocytes and somatic cells, however, is not unidirectional; the oocyte participates in the proliferation, development, and function of the follicular somatic cells. The oocyte secretes factors that enable the cumulus cells to synthesize hyaluronic acid and undergo cumulus expansion in response to hormonal stimulation. In addition, the oocyte produces factors that promote the proliferation of granulosa cells. These interactions in vitro do not appear to require the mediation of gap junctions. The oocyte also promotes the differentiation of granulosa cells into functional cumulus cells, but this function of the oocyte appears to require the continued presence and close association of the oocyte and granulosa cells. Therefore, oocytes and follicular somatic cells are interdependent for development and function.
在整个卵子发生过程中，卵母细胞与其相伴的体细胞保持着紧密的联系，这种联系对于正常的卵母细胞和卵泡发育至关重要。本综述总结了体细胞在调节哺乳动物卵母细胞生长、维持减数分裂阻滞、诱导卵母细胞成熟以及卵母细胞体外成熟过程中获得完全胚胎发育能力方面作用的当前概念。缝隙连接似乎介导了这些调节过程。然而，卵母细胞与体细胞之间的调节相互作用并非单向的；卵母细胞参与卵泡体细胞的增殖、发育和功能。卵母细胞分泌一些因子，使卵丘细胞能够合成透明质酸，并在激素刺激下发生卵丘扩展。此外，卵母细胞产生促进颗粒细胞增殖的因子。这些体外相互作用似乎不需要缝隙连接的介导。卵母细胞还促进颗粒细胞分化为功能性卵丘细胞，但卵母细胞的这种功能似乎需要卵母细胞与颗粒细胞持续存在并紧密相连。因此，卵母细胞和卵泡体细胞在发育和功能上相互依赖。
