Fulton Robert W
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, 250 McElroy Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Biologicals. 2013 Jan;41(1):31-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) have significant impact on beef and dairy production worldwide. The infections are widespread in the cattle populations, and in many production systems, vaccinations are utilized. BVDV strains have the hallmark of adversely affecting the immune system's many components, both the innate and acquired systems. While BVDV do cause primary infections and disease, their role in the pathogenesis of other agents underscores the complexity of viral-bacterial synergy. A greater understanding of the role of the persistently infected (PI) animal resulting from susceptible females infected at a critical stage of pregnancy has permitted acknowledgment of a major source of infection to susceptible animals. Not only do we understand the role of the PI in transmitting infections and complicating other infections, but we now focus attempts to better diagnose and remove the PI animal. Vaccinations now address the need to have an immune population, especially the breeding females in the herd. Biosecurity, detection and removal of the PI, and effective vaccinations are tools for potential successful BVDV control.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）对全球牛肉和奶制品生产有着重大影响。这种感染在牛群中广泛存在，并且在许多生产系统中都使用了疫苗。BVDV毒株具有对免疫系统的许多组成部分（包括先天免疫系统和后天免疫系统）产生不利影响的特点。虽然BVDV确实会引发原发性感染和疾病，但其在其他病原体发病机制中的作用凸显了病毒 - 细菌协同作用的复杂性。对怀孕关键阶段感染的易感雌性动物所产生的持续感染（PI）动物的作用有了更深入的了解，这使得人们认识到这是易感动物的一个主要感染源。我们不仅了解PI在传播感染和使其他感染复杂化方面的作用，而且现在致力于更好地诊断和清除PI动物。疫苗接种现在满足了拥有免疫群体的需求，特别是牛群中的繁殖雌性动物。生物安全、PI的检测与清除以及有效的疫苗接种是实现成功控制BVDV的潜在工具。
