Center for the Study of Emotion & Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2012 Sep;49(9):1230-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01398.x. Epub 2012 Jun 21.
The capacity to associate neutral stimuli with affective value is an important survival strategy that can be accomplished by cell assemblies obeying Hebbian learning principles. In the neuroscience laboratory, classical fear conditioning has been extensively used as a model to study learning-related changes in neural structure and function. Here, we review the effects of classical fear conditioning on electromagnetic brain activity in humans, focusing on how sensory systems adapt to changing fear-related contingencies. By considering spatiotemporal patterns of mass neuronal activity, we illustrate a range of cortical changes related to a retuning of neuronal sensitivity to amplify signals consistent with fear-associated stimuli at the cost of other sensory information. Putative mechanisms that may underlie fear-associated plasticity at the level of the sensory cortices are briefly considered, and several avenues for future work are outlined.
将中性刺激与情感价值联系起来的能力是一种重要的生存策略，可以通过遵循赫布学习原则的细胞集合来实现。在神经科学实验室中，经典的恐惧条件作用已被广泛用作研究神经结构和功能与学习相关变化的模型。在这里，我们回顾了经典恐惧条件作用对人类电磁脑活动的影响，重点关注感觉系统如何适应不断变化的与恐惧相关的偶然性。通过考虑大规模神经元活动的时空模式，我们说明了一系列与神经元对与恐惧相关的刺激的敏感性重新调整相关的皮质变化，这种重新调整是以牺牲其他感觉信息为代价的。简要考虑了可能在感觉皮质水平上产生与恐惧相关的可塑性的潜在机制，并概述了未来工作的几个途径。
