UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, PO Box 3015, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Nov 30;111:159-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.008. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
Wetland ecosystems provide multiple functions and services for the well-being of humans. In urban environments, planning and decision making about wetland restoration inevitably involves conflicting objectives, trade-offs, uncertainties and conflicting value judgments. This study applied trade-off and multi criteria decision analysis to analyze and quantify the explicit trade-offs between the stakeholder's objectives related to management options for the restoration of an urban floodplain, the Lobau, in Vienna, Austria. The Lobau has been disconnected from the main channel of the Danube River through flood protection schemes 130 years ago that have reduced the hydraulic exchange processes. Urban expansion has also changed the adjacent areas and led to increased numbers of visitors, which hampers the maximum potential for ecosystem development and exerts additional pressure on the sensitive habitats in the national park area. The study showed that increased hydraulic connectivity would benefit several stakeholders that preferred the ecological development of the floodplain habitats. However, multiple uses including fishery, agriculture and recreation, exploring the maximum potential in line with national park regulations, were also possible under the increased hydraulic connectivity options. The largest trade-offs were quantified to be at 0.50 score between the ecological condition of the aquatic habitats and the drinking water production and 0.49 score between the ecological condition of the terrestrial habitats and the drinking water production. At this point, the drinking water production was traded-off with 0.40 score, while the ecological condition of the aquatic habitats and the ecological condition of the terrestrial habitats were traded off with 0.30 and 0.23 score, respectively. The majority of the stakeholders involved preferred the management options that increased the hydraulic connectivity compared with the current situation which was not preferred by any stakeholders. These findings highlight the need for targeted restoration measures. By that, it is recommended that additional measures to ensure reliable drinking water production should be developed, if the higher connectivity options would be implemented. In the next step it is recommended to include cost and flood risk criteria in the decision matrix for more specific developed measures. The research showed that pair-wise trade-off figures provided a useful means to elaborate and quantify the real trade-offs. Finally, the research also showed that the use of multi criteria decision analyses should be based on a participatory approach, in which the process of arriving at the final ranking should be equal or more important than the outcome of the ranking itself.
湿地生态系统为人类福祉提供了多种功能和服务。在城市环境中，湿地恢复的规划和决策不可避免地涉及到相互冲突的目标、权衡取舍、不确定性和相互冲突的价值判断。本研究应用权衡分析和多准则决策分析来分析和量化与奥地利维也纳 Lobau 城市洪泛区恢复管理选项相关的利益相关者目标之间的显式权衡取舍。130 年前，通过防洪计划，Lobau 与多瑙河的主河道断开连接，减少了水力交换过程。城市扩张也改变了周边地区，导致游客数量增加，这阻碍了生态系统发展的最大潜力，并对国家公园地区的敏感栖息地施加了额外的压力。研究表明，增加水力连通性将使几个利益相关者受益，他们更喜欢洪泛区栖息地的生态发展。然而，在增加水力连通性的选择下，也可以进行包括渔业、农业和娱乐在内的多种用途，以符合国家公园的规定，最大限度地开发潜力。最大的权衡取舍被量化为水生栖息地的生态状况与饮用水生产之间的 0.50 分，以及陆地栖息地的生态状况与饮用水生产之间的 0.49 分。在这一点上，饮用水生产的权衡取舍为 0.40 分，而水生栖息地的生态状况和陆地栖息地的生态状况的权衡取舍分别为 0.30 分和 0.23 分。与任何利益相关者都不喜欢的现状相比，大多数利益相关者更喜欢增加水力连通性的管理选择。这些发现强调了有针对性的恢复措施的必要性。因此，如果实施更高的连通性选择，建议制定额外的措施以确保可靠的饮用水生产。下一步，建议在决策矩阵中加入成本和洪水风险标准，以制定更具体的措施。研究表明，成对的权衡取舍数据提供了一种有用的方法来详细说明和量化实际的权衡取舍。最后，研究还表明，多准则决策分析的使用应该基于参与式方法，在这种方法中，达成最终排名的过程应该与排名结果本身一样重要，甚至更重要。
