Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
J Athl Train. 2012 May-Jun;47(3):247-56. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.10.
Addressing loss of shoulder range of motion and rotator cuff weakness in injury-prevention programs might be an effective strategy for preventing throwing arm injuries in baseball pitchers. However, the influence of these clinical measures on pitching biomechanics is unclear.
To evaluate the relationships among clinical measures of shoulder rotational motion and strength and 3-dimensional pitching biomechanics and to evaluate the presence of coupling between the shoulder and the elbow during pitching to provide insight into the influence of clinical shoulder characteristics on elbow biomechanics.
Cross-sectional study.
Biomechanics laboratory.
A total of 27 uninjured male high school baseball pitchers (age = 16 ± 1.1 years, height = 183 ± 7 cm, mass = 83 ± 12 kg).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical measures included shoulder internal- and external-rotation range of motion and peak isometric internal- and external-rotator strength. Three-dimensional upper extremity biomechanics were assessed as participants threw from an indoor pitching mound to a target at regulation distance. Linear regressions were used to assess the influence of clinical measures on the peak shoulder internal and external rotation moments and the peak elbow-adduction moment.
We found a positive relationship between clinically measured internal-rotator strength and shoulder external-rotation moment (R(2) = 0.181, P = .04) during pitching. We also noted an inverse relationship between clinically measured external-rotation motion and the elbow-adduction moment (R(2) = 0.160, P = .04) and shoulder internal-rotation moment (R(2) = 0.250, P = .008) during pitching. We found a positive relationship between peak shoulder internal-rotation moment and the peak elbow-adduction moment (R(2) = 0.815, P < .001) during pitching.
This study provides insight into the effects of shoulder strength and motion on pitching biomechanics and how these clinical measures might contribute to throwing arm injuries in the baseball pitcher. A relationship also was identified between peak shoulder and elbow moments in the throwing arm during pitching, providing biomechanical support for addressing clinical shoulder characteristics as a potential strategy for preventing elbow injury.
在预防计划中解决肩部活动范围丧失和肩袖无力的问题可能是预防棒球投手手臂受伤的有效策略。然而，这些临床措施对投球生物力学的影响尚不清楚。
评估肩部旋转运动和力量的临床测量值与三维投球生物力学之间的关系，并评估投球过程中肩部与肘部之间的耦合情况，以了解临床肩部特征对肘部生物力学的影响。
横断面研究。
生物力学实验室。
共有 27 名未受伤的男性高中棒球投手（年龄=16±1.1 岁，身高=183±7cm，体重=83±12kg）。
临床测量包括肩部内旋和外旋活动范围以及峰值等长内旋和外旋肌力量。参与者从室内投球土墩向规定距离的目标投掷时，评估三维上肢生物力学。线性回归用于评估临床测量值对峰值肩部内旋和外旋力矩以及峰值肘部内收力矩的影响。
我们发现，在投球过程中，临床测量的内旋肌力量与肩部外旋力矩之间存在正相关关系（R²=0.181，P=0.04）。我们还注意到，临床测量的外旋运动与肘部内收力矩（R²=0.160，P=0.04）和肩部内旋力矩（R²=0.250，P=0.008）之间存在负相关关系。我们发现，在投球过程中，峰值肩部内旋力矩与峰值肘部内收力矩之间存在正相关关系（R²=0.815，P<0.001）。
本研究深入了解了肩部力量和运动对投球生物力学的影响，以及这些临床测量值如何导致棒球投手手臂受伤。还确定了投球过程中投掷臂中肩部和肘部峰值之间的关系，为解决临床肩部特征作为预防肘部受伤的潜在策略提供了生物力学支持。
