Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012 Oct;19(5):382-7. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328357271a.
Salt iodization has been introduced in many countries to control iodine deficiency. The two most commonly used approaches to assessing iodine nutrition on the population level are estimation of the household penetration of adequately iodized salt (HHIS) and measurement of urinary iodine concentrations (UICs). The aim of this review is to assess global and regional iodine status in 2012 by using each of these indicators.
The most recent national data on HHIS were obtained from UNICEF. The most recent data on UICs, primarily national data in school-age children, were obtained from a systematic literature search, the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the WHO Micronutrients Database. The median UIC was used to classify national iodine status and the UIC distribution to estimate the number of individuals with low iodine intakes. Thirty-two countries are iodine deficient based on the national median UIC. Globally, 29.8% of school-age children (246 million) are estimated to have insufficient iodine intake. Out of 128 countries with HHIS data, 37 countries have salt iodization coverage that meets the international goal of at least 90% of households consuming adequately iodized salt and 39 countries have coverage rates of less than 50%. Overall, ≈70% of households worldwide have access to iodized salt.
Iodized salt programs need to be strengthened and extended to reach nearly one-third of the global population that still has inadequate iodine intakes.
在许多国家，盐碘化已被引入以控制碘缺乏症。评估人群碘营养状况的两种最常用方法是评估家庭中充足碘盐的普及率（HHIS）和测量尿碘浓度（UIC）。本综述旨在使用这两种指标评估 2012 年全球和地区的碘状况。
最新的 HHIS 国家数据来自联合国儿童基金会。UIC 的最新数据主要是学龄儿童的国家数据，来自系统文献检索、国际控制碘缺乏病理事会和世卫组织微量营养素数据库。中位数 UIC 用于分类国家碘状况，UIC 分布用于估计碘摄入不足的个体数量。根据全国 UIC 中位数，有 32 个国家碘缺乏。全球范围内，估计有 29.8%的学龄儿童（2.46 亿人）碘摄入不足。在有 HHIS 数据的 128 个国家中，有 37 个国家的盐碘化覆盖率达到了国际目标，即至少 90%的家庭食用充足的碘盐，有 39 个国家的覆盖率低于 50%。总的来说，全世界约有 70%的家庭能够获得碘盐。
需要加强和扩大碘化盐计划，以覆盖全球近三分之一碘摄入不足的人群。
