Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Nutr. 2012 Apr;142(4):744-50. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149393. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
Salt iodization has been introduced in many countries to control iodine deficiency. Our aim was to assess global and regional iodine status as of 2011 and compare it to previous WHO estimates from 2003 and 2007. Using the network of national focal points of the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders as well as a literature search, we compiled new national data on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) to add to the existing data in the WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System Micronutrients Database. The most recent data on UIC, primarily national data in school-age children (SAC), were analyzed. The median UIC was used to classify national iodine status and the UIC distribution to estimate the number of individuals with low iodine intakes by severity categories. Survey data on UIC cover 96.1% of the world's population of SAC, and since 2007, new national data are available for 58 countries, including Canada, Pakistan, the U.K., and the U.S.. At the national level, there has been major progress: from 2003 to 2011, the number of iodine-deficient countries decreased from 54 to 32 and the number of countries with adequate iodine intake increased from 67 to 105. However, globally, 29.8% (95% CI = 29.4, 30.1) of SAC (241 million) are estimated to have insufficient iodine intakes. Sharp regional differences persist; southeast Asia has the largest number of SAC with low iodine intakes (76 million) and there has been little progress in Africa, where 39% (58 million) have inadequate iodine intakes. In summary, although iodine nutrition has been improving since 2003, global progress may be slowing. Intervention programs need to be extended to reach the nearly one-third of the global population that still has inadequate iodine intakes.
食盐碘化措施已在许多国家实施，以控制碘缺乏。本研究旨在评估 2011 年全球和各区域的碘营养状况，并与世界卫生组织（WHO）2003 年和 2007 年的估计值进行比较。我们利用国际控制碘缺乏病理事会国家联络点网络以及文献检索，对尿碘浓度（UIC）的新国家数据进行了汇编，这些数据补充了 WHO 维生素和矿物质营养信息系统微量营养素数据库中的现有数据。对 UIC 的最新数据（主要是学龄儿童（SAC）的国家数据）进行了分析。采用中位数 UIC 对国家碘营养状况进行分类，并根据 UIC 分布估计按严重程度分类的碘摄入不足个体数量。UIC 调查数据覆盖了世界 SAC 人口的 96.1%，自 2007 年以来，58 个国家（包括加拿大、巴基斯坦、英国和美国）提供了新的国家数据。在国家层面，取得了重大进展：与 2003 年相比，2011 年碘缺乏国家的数量从 54 个减少到 32 个，碘摄入充足的国家数量从 67 个增加到 105 个。但是，全球范围内，估计有 29.8%（95%CI=29.4，30.1）的 SAC（2.41 亿人）碘摄入不足。区域差异依然显著；东南亚 SAC 中碘摄入不足的人数最多（7600 万人），非洲地区几乎没有进展，该地区 39%（5800 万人）碘摄入不足。总之，虽然 2003 年以来碘营养状况有所改善，但全球进展可能正在放缓。需要扩大干预措施的范围，以覆盖全球近三分之一仍碘摄入不足的人口。
