Beguinot Francesco, Nigro Cecilia
Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;933:219-28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-068-7_14.
The feasibility of investigating glucose tolerance and insulin action and secretion in vivo in mouse models has provided major insights into both type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and the identification of novel strategies to treat this common disorder. When initial studies provide evidence for altered levels of insulin and/or glucose in the animal blood, a number of well-characterized tests can be adopted to estimate glucose homeostasis and insulin action and secretion in vivo. These tests include model assessments, glucose and insulin sensitivity studies, and glucose clamps. None of them can be considered appropriate under all circumstances and there is significant variation in their complexity, technical ease, and invasiveness. Thus, while the euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp represents the gold standard for measuring in vivo insulin action, less labor-intensive as well as invasive techinques are usually considered as the initial approach to evaluate glucose homeostasis. This section focuses on glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The clamp technique is described in Chapter 15.
在小鼠模型中对体内葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素作用及分泌进行研究的可行性，为深入了解2型糖尿病发病机制以及确定治疗这一常见疾病的新策略提供了重要见解。当初步研究提供动物血液中胰岛素和/或葡萄糖水平改变的证据时，可以采用一些特征明确的测试来评估体内葡萄糖稳态、胰岛素作用及分泌。这些测试包括模型评估、葡萄糖和胰岛素敏感性研究以及葡萄糖钳夹试验。在所有情况下，没有一种测试可被认为是合适的，并且它们在复杂性、技术难度和侵入性方面存在显著差异。因此，虽然正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹试验是测量体内胰岛素作用的金标准，但劳动强度较低且侵入性较小的技术通常被视为评估葡萄糖稳态的初始方法。本节重点介绍葡萄糖和胰岛素耐量试验。钳夹技术在第15章中描述。
