Gray Elmer W, Wyatt Roger D, Adler Peter H, Smink John, Cox Julie E, Noblet Ray
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2012 Jun;28(2):134-6. doi: 10.2987/11-6219R.1.
Black fly suppression programs are conducted across a wide range of environmental conditions, targeting a variety of pest species with diverse life histories. Operational applications of Vectobac 12AS (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) were conducted during times characterized by water temperature and turbidity extremes. Applications were conducted in the Yellow River in central Wisconsin targeting Simulium annulus and S. johannseni when water temperatures were 1-2 degrees C. Applications were conducted in the Green River in western North Carolina targeting the S. jenningsi group after a rain event, when portions of the treatment zone experienced turbidities of 276 nephelometric turbidity units. Excellent larvicidal activity was observed in both programs, with 97% mortality or greater being observed at distances over 5 km downstream of a treatment site. Mortality data for larval black flies in 2 operational suppression programs conducted in 2011 demonstrated a negligible effect of near-freezing water temperatures and exceptionally high turbidity on Bti activity.
黑蝇抑制计划在广泛的环境条件下实施，针对具有不同生活史的多种害虫物种。Vectobac 12AS（苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种）在水温与浊度极端的时期进行了实际应用。应用是在威斯康星州中部的黄河进行的，当时水温为1至2摄氏度，目标是环斑蚋和约翰森蚋。应用是在北卡罗来纳州西部的格林河进行的，在一次降雨事件后，针对詹宁斯蚋类群，当时处理区的部分区域浊度达到276散射浊度单位。在这两个计划中均观察到了出色的杀幼虫活性，在处理位点下游5公里以上的距离处观察到死亡率达到97%或更高。2011年实施的2个实际抑制计划中，幼虫黑蝇的死亡率数据表明，接近冰点的水温以及极高的浊度对苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种的活性影响可忽略不计。
