Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):706-13. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.033795. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
Exposure to methylmercury from fish has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in some studies. At the same time, marine n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs are an inherent constituent of fish and are regarded as beneficial. To our knowledge, no risk-benefit model on the basis of data on methylmercury, PUFA, and MI risk has yet been presented.
The objective of this study was to describe how exposure to both marine n-3 PUFAs and methylmercury relates to MI risk by using data from Finland and Sweden.
We used matched case-control sets from Sweden and Finland that were nested in population-based, prospective cohort studies. We included 361 men with MI from Sweden and 211 men with MI from Finland. MI risk was estimated in a logistic regression model with the amount of mercury in hair (hair-Hg) and concentrations of n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) in serum (S-PUFA) as independent variables.
The median hair-Hg was 0.57 μg/g in Swedish and 1.32 μg/g in Finnish control subjects, whereas the percentage of S-PUFA was 4.21% and 3.83%, respectively. In combined analysis, hair-Hg was associated with higher (P = 0.005) and S-PUFA with lower (P = 0.011) MI risk. Our model indicated that even a small change in fish consumption (ie, by increasing S-PUFA by 1%) would prevent 7% of MIs, despite a small increase in mercury exposure. However, at a high hair-Hg, the modeled beneficial effect of PUFA on MI risk was counteracted by methylmercury.
Exposure to methylmercury was associated with increased risk of MI, and higher S-PUFA concentrations were associated with decreased risk of MI. Thus, MI risk may be reduced by the consumption of fish high in PUFAs and low in methylmercury.
一些研究表明，从鱼类中摄入甲基汞会增加心肌梗死（MI）的风险。与此同时，海洋 n-3（ω-3）多不饱和脂肪酸是鱼类的固有成分，被认为是有益的。据我们所知，目前尚无基于甲基汞、多不饱和脂肪酸和 MI 风险数据的风险-效益模型。
本研究旨在描述芬兰和瑞典的数据如何描述暴露于海洋 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸和甲基汞与 MI 风险的关系。
我们使用了来自瑞典和芬兰的基于人群的前瞻性队列研究中的嵌套病例对照集。我们纳入了 361 名来自瑞典的 MI 男性和 211 名来自芬兰的 MI 男性。MI 风险在逻辑回归模型中用头发中的汞含量（hair-Hg）和血清中的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸浓度（S-PUFA）作为自变量进行估计。
瑞典对照组和芬兰对照组的头发-Hg 中位数分别为 0.57μg/g 和 1.32μg/g，S-PUFA 百分比分别为 4.21%和 3.83%。在联合分析中，头发-Hg 与更高的（P=0.005）和 S-PUFA 与更低的（P=0.011）MI 风险相关。我们的模型表明，即使鱼类消费略有增加（即 S-PUFA 增加 1%），也会预防 7%的 MI，尽管汞暴露略有增加。然而，在头发-Hg 较高的情况下，多不饱和脂肪酸对 MI 风险的有益影响会被甲基汞抵消。
暴露于甲基汞与 MI 风险增加相关，而 S-PUFA 浓度升高与 MI 风险降低相关。因此，通过食用富含多不饱和脂肪酸且甲基汞含量低的鱼类，可能会降低 MI 的风险。
