REQUIMTE/Dep. Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
J Dairy Sci. 2012 Oct;95(10):5476-84. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3975. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
In Portugal, commercial milk is obtained almost entirely from cows of the Holstein breed. However, other breeds may also show dairy aptitude, and produce milk of good quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the breed factor in the vitamin contents of milks from Holstein and the autochthonous Portuguese breed Minhota, as well as possible variations due to season. Milk samples were collected from 15 cows of each breed. Milk from Minhota cows showed higher contents of retinol, retinyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene. No differences were verified between breeds regarding vitamin D(3) content, but Holstein cows presented higher amounts of provitamin D(3). Seasonal variations were not observed for milk samples from Holsteins, and only a very small variation was observed for milk samples from Minhota cows, mainly in retinol, α-tocopherol, and provitamin D(3) levels. This study revealed that breed has a pronounced effect on milk fat-soluble vitamins, which is an important observation regarding future genetic selection plans. Also, the increased vitamin amounts found in milk from Minhota cows can be regarded as an important nutritional parameter that can potentiate the economical value of this breed.
在葡萄牙，商业牛奶几乎完全是从荷斯坦奶牛品种中获得的。然而，其他品种也可能具有乳用能力，并生产出质量良好的牛奶。本研究旨在探讨品种因素对荷斯坦和葡萄牙本土明托亚品种牛奶中维生素含量的影响，以及季节变化可能带来的影响。从每个品种的 15 头奶牛中采集牛奶样本。明托亚奶牛的牛奶中视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄醇、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素含量较高。两种品种的维生素 D(3)含量没有差异，但荷斯坦奶牛的前维生素 D(3)含量较高。荷斯坦牛奶样本的季节性变化不明显，明托亚牛奶样本的变化也非常小，主要是视黄醇、α-生育酚和前维生素 D(3)水平的变化。本研究表明，品种对牛奶脂溶性维生素有显著影响，这对于未来的遗传选择计划是一个重要的观察结果。此外，明托亚牛奶中发现的维生素含量增加可以被视为一个重要的营养参数，这可以提高该品种的经济价值。
