Department of Biology, East Central University, 1100 East 14th Street, Box N-5, Ada, OK 74820, USA.
Mycopathologia. 2012 Dec;174(5-6):475-87. doi: 10.1007/s11046-012-9572-5. Epub 2012 Aug 19.
Chaetomium globosum Kunze:Fr is a dermatophytic, dematiaceous fungus that is ubiquitous in soils, grows readily on cellulolytic materials, and is commonly found on water-damaged building materials. Chlorate affects nitrogen metabolism in fungi and is used to study compatibility among anamorphic fungi by inducing nit mutants. The effect of chlorate toxicity on C. globosum was investigated by amending a modified malt extract agar (MEA), oat agar, and carboxymethyl cellulose agar (CMC) with various levels of potassium chlorate (KClO(3)). C. globosum perithecia production was almost completely inhibited (90-100 %) at low levels of KClO(3) (0.1 mM) in amended MEA. Inhibition of perithecia production was also observed on oat agar and CMC at 1 and 10 mM, respectively. However, hyphal growth in MEA was only inhibited 20 % by 0.1-100 mM KClO(3) concentrations. Hyphal growth was never completely inhibited at the highest levels tested (200 mM). Higher levels of KClO(3) were needed on gypsum board to inhibit perithecia synthesis. In additional experiments, KClO(3) did not inhibit C. globosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum expansum, and airborne fungal spore germination. The various fungal spores were not inhibited by KClO(3) at 1-100 mM levels. These results suggest that C. globosum perithecia synthesis is more sensitive to chlorate toxicity than are hyphal growth and spore germination. This research provides basic information that furthers our understanding about perithecia formation and may help in developing control methods for fungal growth on building materials.
球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum Kunze:Fr）是一种亲角质的、暗色真菌，普遍存在于土壤中，容易在纤维素物质上生长，常出现在受潮的建筑材料上。氯酸盐会影响真菌的氮代谢，并且常用于通过诱导硝酸盐突变体来研究无性真菌的相容性。本研究通过在改良麦芽提取物琼脂（MEA）、燕麦琼脂和羧甲基纤维素琼脂（CMC）中添加不同浓度的氯酸钾（KClO3）来研究氯酸盐对球毛壳菌的毒性影响。在改良 MEA 中，低浓度的 KClO3（0.1mM）几乎完全抑制了球毛壳菌子囊壳的产生（90-100%）。在燕麦琼脂和 CMC 中，分别在 1mM 和 10mM 时也观察到子囊壳产生受到抑制。然而，MEA 中的菌丝生长仅在 0.1-100mM KClO3 浓度下被抑制 20%。在测试的最高浓度（200mM）下，菌丝生长从未完全受到抑制。在石膏板上需要更高水平的 KClO3 来抑制子囊壳合成。在额外的实验中，KClO3 没有抑制球毛壳菌、尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、扩展青霉（Penicillum expansum）和空气中真菌孢子的萌发。在 1-100mM 浓度下，各种真菌孢子都没有被 KClO3 抑制。这些结果表明，与菌丝生长和孢子萌发相比，球毛壳菌子囊壳的合成对氯酸盐毒性更为敏感。这项研究提供了关于子囊壳形成的基本信息，有助于我们进一步理解它，并可能有助于开发控制建筑材料上真菌生长的方法。
