Campbell R, Heywood C A, Cowey A, Regard M, Landis T
Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, U.K.
Neuropsychologia. 1990;28(11):1123-42. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-x.
Accuracy at perceiving frontal eye gaze was studied in monkeys and human subjects using a forced-choice detection task on paired photographs of a single human face. Monkeys learned the task readily, but after bilateral removal of the banks and floor of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) they failed to perform the task efficiently. This result is consistent with the conclusion, based on recordings from single cells in awake, behaving monkeys [Perret et al., Physiological Aspects of Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology, Chapman & Hall, London, 1988] that this region of the temporal lobe is important for coding information about eye-gaze of a confronting animal. Human subjects were given identical stimuli in a task where they were asked to detect "the face that is looking straight at you". Human performance is sensitive to the degree of angular deviation from the frontal gaze position, being poorest at small angular deviations from 0 degrees. This was also true of monkeys viewing these stimuli, pre- and post-operatively. Compared with normal controls, two humans prosopagnosics were impaired at this task. However the extent of impairment was different in the two patients. These findings are related to earlier reports (including those for patients with right-hemisphere damage without prosopagnosia), to normal performance with upright and inverted face photographs, and to notions of independent subsystems in face processing.
利用单张人脸的配对照片进行强制选择检测任务，对猴子和人类受试者感知正面目光注视的准确性进行了研究。猴子很容易学会这项任务，但在双侧切除颞上沟（STS）的脑岸和底部后，它们无法有效地完成任务。这一结果与基于对清醒、行为中的猴子的单细胞记录得出的结论一致[佩雷特等人，《临床神经眼科学的生理学方面》，查普曼与霍尔出版社，伦敦，1988年]，即颞叶的这一区域对于编码关于面对面动物目光注视的信息很重要。在一项要求人类受试者检测“正看着你的脸”的任务中，给他们提供了相同的刺激。人类的表现对与正面注视位置的角度偏差程度很敏感，在与0度有小角度偏差时表现最差。猴子在术前和术后观看这些刺激时也是如此。与正常对照组相比，两名面孔失认症患者在这项任务中表现受损。然而，两名患者的受损程度不同。这些发现与早期报告（包括那些右半球受损但无面孔失认症的患者的报告）、与直立和倒置面部照片的正常表现以及与面部处理中独立子系统的概念有关。
