Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2013 May;39(3):700-16. doi: 10.1037/a0029671. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
Emotions have important and powerful effects on cognitive processes. Although it is well established that memory influences liking, we sought to document whether liking influences memory. A series of 6 experiments examined whether liking is related to recognition memory for novel music excerpts. In the general method, participants listened to a set of music excerpts and rated how much they liked each one. After a delay, they heard the same excerpts plus an equal number of novel excerpts and made recognition judgments, which were then examined in conjunction with liking ratings. Higher liking ratings were associated with improved recognition performance after a 10-min (Experiment 1) or 24-hr (Experiment 2) delay between the exposure and test phases. The findings were similar when participants made liking ratings after recognition judgments (Experiments 3 and 6), when possible confounding effects of similarity and familiarity were held constant (Experiment 4), and when a deeper level of processing was encouraged for all the excerpts (Experiment 5). Recognition did not vary as a function of liking for previously unheard excerpts (Experiment 6). The results implicate a direct association between liking and recognition. Considered jointly with previous findings, it is now clear that listeners tend to like music that they remember and to remember music that they like.
情绪对认知过程有重要而强大的影响。虽然记忆影响喜好已经得到充分证实，但我们试图记录喜好是否会影响记忆。一系列 6 项实验考察了喜好是否与对新音乐片段的识别记忆有关。在一般方法中，参与者听一组音乐片段，并对每一个片段的喜爱程度进行评分。延迟一段时间后，他们听到相同的片段和数量相等的新片段，并进行识别判断，然后结合喜好评分进行检查。在曝光和测试阶段之间有 10 分钟（实验 1）或 24 小时（实验 2）的延迟时，更高的喜好评分与识别表现的提高有关。当参与者在识别判断后进行喜好评分时（实验 3 和 6），当控制相似性和熟悉性的可能混杂效应时（实验 4），以及当鼓励所有片段进行更深层次的处理时（实验 5），发现情况相似。对于以前未听过的片段，识别不会因喜好而变化（实验 6）。这些结果暗示了喜好和识别之间的直接关联。综合以前的发现，现在很清楚的是，听众倾向于喜欢他们记得的音乐，也倾向于记住他们喜欢的音乐。
