Szpunar Karl K, Schellenberg E Glenn, Pliner Patricia
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Mar;30(2):370-81. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.2.370.
Three experiments examined changes in liking and memory for music as a function of number of previous exposures, the ecological validity of the music, and whether the exposure phase required focused or incidental listening. After incidental listening, liking ratings were higher for music heard more often in the exposure phase and this association was stronger as ecological validity increased. After focused listening, liking ratings followed an inverted U-shaped function of exposure for the most ecologically valid stimuli (initial increases followed by decreases), but this curvilinear function was attenuated or nonexistent for less valid stimuli. In general, recognition improved as a function of previous exposure for focused listeners, but the effect was attenuated or absent for incidental listeners.
三项实验研究了对音乐的喜爱程度和记忆的变化，这些变化是先前接触次数、音乐的生态效度以及接触阶段是需要集中聆听还是附带聆听的函数。在附带聆听后，对在接触阶段听到次数更多的音乐的喜爱评分更高，并且随着生态效度的增加，这种关联更强。在集中聆听后，对于生态效度最高的刺激，喜爱评分遵循接触次数的倒U形函数（先增加后减少），但对于效度较低的刺激，这种曲线函数减弱或不存在。一般来说，对于集中聆听者，识别随着先前接触次数的增加而提高，但对于附带聆听者，这种效果减弱或不存在。
