Balliol College, Oxford University.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2012 Sep 28;370(1975):4576-93. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0490.
Decoherence is widely felt to have something to do with the quantum measurement problem, but getting clear on just what is made difficult by the fact that the 'measurement problem', as traditionally presented in foundational and philosophical discussions, has become somewhat disconnected from the conceptual problems posed by real physics. This, in turn, is because quantum mechanics as discussed in textbooks and in foundational discussions has become somewhat removed from scientific practice, especially where the analysis of measurement is concerned. This paper has two goals: firstly (§§1-2), to present an account of how quantum measurements are actually dealt with in modern physics (hint: it does not involve a collapse of the wave function) and to state the measurement problem from the perspective of that account; and secondly (§§3-4), to clarify what role decoherence plays in modern measurement theory and what effect it has on the various strategies that have been proposed to solve the measurement problem.
退相干被广泛认为与量子测量问题有关，但由于基础和哲学讨论中传统呈现的“测量问题”与实际物理提出的概念问题有些脱节，因此要明确这一点有些困难。这反过来又是因为教科书中讨论的量子力学以及基础讨论已经与科学实践有些脱节，特别是在测量分析方面。本文有两个目标：首先（§§1-2），从现代物理学的角度来阐述量子测量实际上是如何处理的（提示：它不涉及波函数的塌缩），并从该角度来阐述测量问题；其次（§§3-4），阐明退相干在现代测量理论中扮演的角色，以及它对各种为解决测量问题而提出的策略有何影响。
