Maznyk N A, Wilkins R C, Carr Z, Lloyd D C
Institute for Medical Radiology of the Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Pushkinskaya St. 82, Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2012 Oct;151(4):611-20. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncs156. Epub 2012 Aug 19.
Biodosimetry is an essential tool for providing timely assessments of radiation exposure, particularly when physical dosimetry is unavailable or unreliable. For mass-casualty events involving public exposure to ionising radiation, it is paramount to rapidly provide this dose information for medical management of casualties. The dicentric chromosome assay is currently the most reliable accepted method for biodosimetry; however, in a mass-casualty scenario, the throughput of this assay will be challenged by its time-consuming nature and the specific expertise required. To address this limitation, many countries have established expertise in cytogenetic biodosimetry and started developing surge capabilities through setting up regional networks to deal with emergency situations. To capitalise on this growing expertise and organise it into an internationally coordinated laboratory network, the World Health Organization has created and launched a global biodosimetry network (BioDoseNet). In order to determine the existing capacity of BioDoseNet member laboratories, including their expertise and in vivo experience, involvement in national and international activities, problems, needs and prospects, an in-depth survey was conducted. These survey results provide significant information on the current state of emergency cytogenetic biodosimetry capabilities around the world.
生物剂量测定是及时评估辐射暴露的重要工具，尤其是在物理剂量测定不可用或不可靠的情况下。对于涉及公众暴露于电离辐射的大规模伤亡事件，迅速提供这种剂量信息对于伤亡人员的医疗救治至关重要。双着丝粒染色体分析目前是生物剂量测定中最可靠的公认方法；然而，在大规模伤亡情况下，该分析方法的通量将受到其耗时特性和所需特定专业知识的挑战。为解决这一限制，许多国家已在细胞遗传生物剂量测定方面建立了专业知识，并通过建立区域网络来应对紧急情况，开始发展应急能力。为利用这一不断增长的专业知识并将其组织成一个国际协调的实验室网络，世界卫生组织创建并启动了一个全球生物剂量测定网络（BioDoseNet）。为了确定BioDoseNet成员实验室的现有能力，包括其专业知识和体内实验经验、参与国家和国际活动的情况、问题、需求和前景，开展了一项深入调查。这些调查结果提供了有关全球紧急细胞遗传生物剂量测定能力现状的重要信息。
