Lojková Jana
Faculty of Law, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Med Law. 2012 Mar;31(1):153-62.
Surrogacy is thought to be one of the most controversial methods of assisted reproduction. It involves cases where a commissioning couple asks a surrogate mother to give birth to a child that will be conceived from their egg and sperm because the woman from the commissioning couple is not able to bear the child to full term herself. They conclude an agreement where the surrogate mother binds herself to terminate all her parental rights to the child immediately after the child's birth and to delegate them together with the child to the commissioning couple. Ethical dilemmas concerning the issue of surrogacy together with all the possibilities of today's globalised world that enable infertile couples to find surrogate mothers abroad in case the legal regulations of their country put a ban on it create a space for a legislator to try to find a solution that will avoid all the risks and highlight a number of positives on the other hand. A Czech legislator is currently trying to find this solution and even though there are few children demonstrably born to surrogate mothers in the Czech Republic, the whole process of surrogacy still proceeds in a legal vacuum at the moment. We can only find the legal definition of a mother of a child as a woman that gives him or her birth and a provision of law that makes all the legal acts that evade the law void. Some practical consequences of this situation will be described in the text together with possibilities and the inspiration that comes from foreign legal regulations and cases.
代孕被认为是辅助生殖中最具争议的方法之一。它涉及委托夫妻要求代孕母亲生下由他们的卵子和精子孕育的孩子的情况,因为委托夫妻中的女性无法亲自将孩子孕育至足月。他们签订一份协议,代孕母亲在协议中承诺在孩子出生后立即终止其对孩子的所有亲权,并将亲权与孩子一并委托给委托夫妻。关于代孕问题的伦理困境,以及当今全球化世界的各种可能性,使得不孕夫妇在本国法律规定禁止代孕的情况下能够在国外找到代孕母亲,这为立法者创造了一个空间,试图找到一种既能避免所有风险又能凸显诸多积极方面的解决方案。捷克立法者目前正在努力寻找这一解决方案,尽管在捷克共和国,明显由代孕母亲所生的孩子很少,但代孕的整个过程目前仍在法律真空中进行。我们只能找到关于孩子母亲的法律定义,即生下孩子的女性,以及一项法律条款,该条款规定所有规避法律的法律行为均无效。本文将描述这种情况的一些实际后果,以及来自国外法律法规和案例的可能性与启示。