Periodontol 2000. 2012 Oct;60(1):173-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00451.x.
Clinical and public health research data have shown that a number of individual, professional and community health measures may be valuable in preventing the major oral diseases. The fundamental gap in knowledge, however, is not confined to 'what to do' but rather 'how' to translate the scientific findings into effective and sustainable programs for groups and populations. The advances in oral health science have not yet benefitted the poor and disadvantaged population groups around the world to the fullest extent possible and this has led to inequalities in periodontal health as well as in other chronic diseases. Research on the causative role of tobacco use in periodontal disease is strong because of the fact that tobacco-induced disease ultimately may lead to the loss of teeth. Studies also indicate that wound healing may be negatively affected by the use of tobacco. Likewise, research has shown that extreme use of alcohol, poor diet and nutrition, and psychological stress all have negative effects on periodontal health. Research on sociobehavioral risk factors has great implication to prevent periodontal disease. The case for tobacco is illustrated in this report. The global exposure to tobacco use in adults and adolescents is outlined. Because of the global Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (2003), the solid research on the harmful effect of tobacco is now being widely used for public health. The importance of tobacco prevention within the context of health-promoting schools is emphasized. Research on other population-directed strategies and their implications on public health would be instrumental to integrated prevention of chronic disease and periodontal disease. Community interventions and delivery of preventive oral care by oral health services may have positive outcomes for periodontal health but periodontal research needs to be further strengthened by the provision of sound evidence. It is somewhat remarkable that research on true population-directed actions in prevention of periodontal disease is most unusual. The high need for reorientation of periodontal research toward public health is discussed in this report as well as the responsibilities of oral health organizations, research institutions and health authorities.
临床和公共卫生研究数据表明，一些个人、专业和社区卫生措施对于预防主要口腔疾病可能具有重要价值。然而，知识的根本差距不仅限于“做什么”，而是“如何”将科学发现转化为针对群体和人群的有效和可持续计划。口腔健康科学的进步尚未使世界各地的贫困和弱势群体最大限度地受益，这导致了牙周健康以及其他慢性疾病方面的不平等。由于烟草引起的疾病最终可能导致牙齿丧失，因此，关于烟草使用在牙周病中的因果作用的研究非常有力。研究还表明，烟草的使用可能会对伤口愈合产生负面影响。同样，研究表明，极端饮酒、不良饮食和营养以及心理压力都会对牙周健康产生负面影响。关于社会行为风险因素的研究对预防牙周病具有重要意义。本报告说明了烟草的情况。概述了成年人和青少年的全球烟草使用情况。由于全球《烟草控制框架公约》（2003 年），现在广泛使用关于烟草危害的可靠研究来进行公共卫生。强调了在促进健康学校中进行烟草预防的重要性。其他面向人群的策略的研究及其对公共卫生的影响将有助于慢性病和牙周病的综合预防。社区干预和口腔卫生服务提供的预防性口腔保健可能对牙周健康产生积极影响，但需要通过提供可靠证据进一步加强牙周病研究。令人有些惊讶的是，预防牙周病的真正面向人群的行动研究非常罕见。本报告讨论了将牙周病研究重新定向到公共卫生的高需求，以及口腔健康组织、研究机构和卫生当局的责任。
