Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Exp Gerontol. 2013 Jul;48(7):603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
The neuronal histaminergic system is involved in many physiological functions and is severely affected in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The properties of the neuronal histaminergic system in experimental animals and the alterations observed in postmortem brain material of PD or AD patients are reviewed. The production of neuronal histamine shows diurnal fluctuations in control subjects who had no neuropsychiatric disorders, while this fluctuation was strongly altered in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and AD. In addition, different alterations shown as expression levels of histidine decarboxylase (the key enzyme for histamine production), histamine-methyltransferase (the histamine deactivating enzyme), and histamine receptors (H(1-4)R) were found in various neurodegenerative disorders. Discrepancies between results from animal models and postmortem human brain material studies have made clear that the validation of animal models is absolutely necessary and that studies on patients and human postmortem material are essential to understand the changes of neuronal histaminergic system occurring in neuropsychiatric disorders.
神经元组胺能系统参与许多生理功能，并且在与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中受到严重影响，如帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）。本文综述了实验动物神经元组胺能系统的特性以及 PD 或 AD 患者死后脑组织中观察到的改变。在没有神经精神疾病的对照组中，神经元组胺的产生表现出昼夜波动，而在包括 PD 和 AD 在内的神经退行性疾病患者中，这种波动被强烈改变。此外，在各种神经退行性疾病中还发现了不同的改变，表现为组氨酸脱羧酶（组胺产生的关键酶）、组胺甲基转移酶（组胺失活酶）和组胺受体（H（1-4）R）的表达水平。动物模型和人体脑组织研究结果之间的差异表明，动物模型的验证是绝对必要的，并且对患者和人体死后组织的研究对于理解发生在神经精神疾病中的神经元组胺能系统的变化至关重要。
