Zimatkin S M, Kuznetsova V B, Anishchik O V
Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Grodno State Medical University, Belarus.
Morfologiia. 2003;123(2):97-105.
This review describes the current concepts of distribution, morphological peculiarities and functions of histaminergic structures in human and animal brain. In adult mammals and humans, the perikarya of histaminergic neurons are localized exclusively in the hypothalamus, mainly in its tuberomamillary nuclei, where 5 subgroups are distinguished. It is only there that the syntheses of neuronal histamine takes place and histamine-synthesizing enzyme histidine decarboxylase and corresponding mRNA were found. The processes of histaminergic neurons innervate practically all the brain regions. Histamine action is mediated by three types of receptors: H1, H2 (postsynaptic) and H3 (presynaptic), which are widely distributed in the brain. Histaminergic brain system is involved in the regulation of various functions, systems and reactions of the organism and participates in the pathogeneses of many disturbances and diseases. The review provides the detailed description of the localization of histaminergic neuron perikarya in mammals, the existing classifications of histaminergic neurons of rat brain, the distribution of histaminergic fibers in various brain regions, the organization of human histaminergic brain system, histaminergic neuron ultrastructure, afferent innervation and regulation.
这篇综述描述了人和动物脑中组胺能结构的分布、形态学特征及功能的当前概念。在成年哺乳动物和人类中，组胺能神经元的胞体仅位于下丘脑，主要在其结节乳头核，在此可区分出5个亚组。只有在那里才会发生神经元组胺的合成，并且发现了组胺合成酶组氨酸脱羧酶及相应的mRNA。组胺能神经元的突起几乎支配所有脑区。组胺的作用由三种类型的受体介导：H1、H2（突触后）和H3（突触前），它们广泛分布于脑中。组胺能脑系统参与机体各种功能、系统和反应的调节，并参与许多紊乱和疾病的发病机制。该综述详细描述了哺乳动物中组胺能神经元胞体的定位、大鼠脑组胺能神经元的现有分类、组胺能纤维在不同脑区的分布、人类组胺能脑系统的组织、组胺能神经元的超微结构、传入神经支配及调节。
