Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy.
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Jun;26(2):199-216. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2012.02.005.
Ventricular assist devices are electromechanical pumps used for circulatory support of patients with severe heart failure. Current ventricular assist device therapy provides a broad spectrum of support systems ranging from short-term to long-term devices. Echocardiography is an ideal modality to monitor patients undergoing mechanical circulatory support because it is less invasive, widely available and can be performed at the bedside. Both long-term and short-term devices require a careful echocardiographic management before implant, during surgical procedure and during postoperative course. Perioperative echocardiographic examination is performed to assess cardiac abnormalities that could lead to postoperative complications, to evaluate the surgical result and to determine reasons of postoperative haemodynamic compromises. Cannulae visualisation, patent forame ovale (PFO), air in cardiac chambers, aortic and or mitral regurgitation, right-ventricular function, left-ventricular unloading and filling, tamponade and pump failure are the most important issues discussed in this review.
心室辅助装置是用于严重心力衰竭患者循环支持的机电泵。目前的心室辅助装置治疗提供了广泛的支持系统，从短期到长期装置。超声心动图是监测接受机械循环支持的患者的理想方式，因为它侵入性较小，广泛可用，并且可以在床边进行。长期和短期装置在植入前、手术过程中和术后过程中都需要仔细的超声心动图管理。围手术期超声心动图检查是为了评估可能导致术后并发症的心脏异常，评估手术结果，并确定术后血液动力学障碍的原因。在本文的综述中，重点讨论了插管可视化、卵圆孔未闭（PFO）、心腔积气、主动脉瓣和/或二尖瓣反流、右心室功能、左心室卸载和充盈、填塞和泵衰竭等最重要的问题。
