Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA.
Poult Sci. 2012 Sep;91(9):2305-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02206.
Five-week-old turkeys were used to evaluate the effect of passive immunization against ghrelin on feed and water intake and animal behavior. In experiment 1, females were reared using normal feeding and lighting management recommended by the industry. At 5 wk of age (d 0 of experiment 1), birds (n = 40) were individually caged (0.65 × 0.4 × 0.4 m) with free access to feed and water. Feed and water intake were measured 3 times a day (0800, 1200, and 1700 h) by recording the weight of feed or water offered minus any unconsumed feed or water remaining. After 3 d of adaptation to the cages (d 3), birds were stratified by BW and feed consumption and randomly assigned to a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatment. Starting on d 3, turkeys were given intravenous (iv) injections (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mL) of pooled undiluted plasma obtained from pigs that were previously actively immunized against ghrelin or iv injections (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mL) of pooled undiluted plasma, obtained from nonimmunized pigs (control). In experiment 2, the 2 highest doses (i.e., 4.0 and 8.0 mL; n = 4/treatment) were repeated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement as described in experiment 1. A laptop computer with a built-in color camera and appropriate software was used to record birds for 9 consecutive hours, starting 4 h before treatments were applied. Video clips were saved and a human observer watched and annotated bird behavior associated with feeding, drinking, and standing. Passively immunized birds increased feed consumption (P = 0.04) compared with control animals. Water intake was not affected by treatments. There was a tendency for immunized birds to increase the number of pecks per hour and the amount of time devoted for feeding. Our data suggest that in turkeys, the effect of immunization against ghrelin on feed intake is the opposite of that observed in mammalian species.
五周龄火鸡用于评估针对生长激素释放肽的被动免疫对采食量、饮水量和动物行为的影响。在实验 1 中，雌性火鸡采用行业推荐的正常饲养和光照管理进行饲养。在 5 周龄（实验 1 的第 0 天）时，将鸡（n=40）单独饲养在有笼（0.65×0.4×0.4 m）中，自由采食和饮水。通过记录提供的饲料或水的重量减去任何未消耗的饲料或剩余的水，每天 3 次（0800、1200 和 1700 h）测量采食量和饮水量。适应笼养 3 d（第 3 天）后，根据体重和采食量将鸡分层，并随机分配到 2×5 因子处理安排中。从第 3 天开始，给火鸡静脉（iv）注射预先主动免疫生长激素释放肽的猪获得的未经稀释的混合血浆（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 或 8.0 mL）或从非免疫猪（对照组）获得的未经稀释的混合血浆（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 或 8.0 mL）iv 注射。在实验 2 中，重复了实验 1 中描述的 2 个最高剂量（即 4.0 和 8.0 mL；n=4/处理）的 2×2 因子安排。使用带有内置彩色摄像头和适当软件的笔记本电脑连续 9 小时记录鸡的活动，从开始处理前 4 小时开始。保存视频剪辑，由人类观察者观看并注释与采食、饮水和站立相关的鸟类行为。与对照组相比，被动免疫鸡增加了采食量（P=0.04）。处理对饮水量没有影响。免疫鸡每小时啄食次数和采食时间增加的趋势。我们的数据表明，在火鸡中，针对生长激素释放肽的免疫对采食量的影响与在哺乳动物物种中观察到的相反。
