DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043450. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
The transition from the vegetative to reproductive development is a critical event in the plant life cycle. The accurate prediction of flowering time in elite germplasm is important for decisions in maize breeding programs and best agronomic practices. The understanding of the genetic control of flowering time in maize has significantly advanced in the past decade. Through comparative genomics, mutant analysis, genetic analysis and QTL cloning, and transgenic approaches, more than 30 flowering time candidate genes in maize have been revealed and the relationships among these genes have been partially uncovered. Based on the knowledge of the flowering time candidate genes, a conceptual gene regulatory network model for the genetic control of flowering time in maize is proposed. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed gene regulatory network model, a first attempt was made to develop a dynamic gene network model to predict flowering time of maize genotypes varying for specific genes. The dynamic gene network model is composed of four genes and was built on the basis of gene expression dynamics of the two late flowering id1 and dlf1 mutants, the early flowering landrace Gaspe Flint and the temperate inbred B73. The model was evaluated against the phenotypic data of the id1 dlf1 double mutant and the ZMM4 overexpressed transgenic lines. The model provides a working example that leverages knowledge from model organisms for the utilization of maize genomic information to predict a whole plant trait phenotype, flowering time, of maize genotypes.
从营养生长到生殖生长的转变是植物生命周期中的一个关键事件。在玉米的育种计划和最佳农艺实践中,准确预测开花时间对于决策非常重要。在过去的十年中,人们对玉米开花时间的遗传控制有了显著的了解。通过比较基因组学、突变体分析、遗传分析和 QTL 克隆以及转基因方法,已经揭示了 30 多个玉米开花时间候选基因,并部分揭示了这些基因之间的关系。基于对开花时间候选基因的了解,提出了一个用于玉米开花时间遗传控制的概念性基因调控网络模型。为了证明所提出的基因调控网络模型的潜力,首次尝试开发了一个动态基因网络模型来预测具有特定基因的玉米基因型的开花时间。该动态基因网络模型由四个基因组成,基于两个晚开花的 id1 和 dlf1 突变体、早开花的 Gaspe Flint 地方品种和温带自交系 B73 的基因表达动态构建。该模型是针对 id1 dlf1 双突变体和 ZMM4 过表达转基因系的表型数据进行评估的。该模型提供了一个工作示例,利用模式生物的知识来利用玉米基因组信息来预测玉米基因型的整个植物性状表型,即开花时间。