Large-scale animal cell cultures: design and operational considerations.

The manufacture of biologicals, especially proteins, using large-scale culture of animal cells is becoming popular. There is a need for a rational approach to the design and scale-up of bioreactors for these applications. The ultimate requirement of any scale-up strategy should be to preserve the biological activity of these high-value molecules. With this as the central theme, the design and operation of animal cell processes has been discussed. Equal importance has been given to both the biological and the engineering aspects which need to be considered for a successful scale-up. An integrated systems approach has been stressed.