Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK.
Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 23;1:38. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-38.
The relationship between social position and physical health is well-established across a range of studies. The evidence base regarding social position and mental health is less well developed, particularly regarding the development of antisocial behavior. Some evidence demonstrates a social gradient in behavioral problems, with children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds experiencing more behavioral difficulties than children from high-socioeconomic families. Antisocial behavior is a heterogeneous concept that encompasses behaviors as diverse as physical fighting, vandalism, stealing, status violation and disobedience to adults. Whether all forms of antisocial behavior show identical social gradients is unclear from previous published research. The mechanisms underlying social gradients in antisocial behavior, such as neighborhood characteristics and family processes, have not been fully elucidated. This review will synthesize findings on the social gradient in antisocial behavior, considering variation across the range of antisocial behaviors and evidence regarding the mechanisms that might underlie the identified gradients.
In this review, an extensive manual and electronic literature search will be conducted for papers published from 1960 to 2011. The review will include empirical and quantitative studies of children and adolescents (<=18 years old) recruited from the general population, which include measures of both social position and antisocial behavior. A standardized data extraction form and quality appraisal checklist will be used to retrieve essential information and critically appraise each study and the inter-rater reliability of the quality scores will be assessed. If practical, meta-analysis will be used to synthesize the data. However, it is expected that the selected studies will be heterogeneous, in which case narrative synthesis will be applied. Separate conclusions may be drawn for logically grouped studies on the basis of their quality score, scope or methodology.
This systematic review has been proposed in order to synthesize cross-disciplinary evidence of the social gradient in antisocial behavior and mechanisms underlying this effect. The results of the review will inform social policies aiming to reduce social inequalities and levels of antisocial behavior, and identify gaps in the present literature to guide further research.
社会地位与身体健康之间的关系在一系列研究中已得到充分证实。关于社会地位与心理健康之间的关系的证据基础则不够完善，尤其是关于反社会行为的发展。有证据表明，行为问题存在社会梯度，来自低社会经济背景的儿童比来自高社会经济家庭的儿童经历更多的行为困难。反社会行为是一个包含多种行为的异质概念，如身体攻击、破坏、偷窃、违反地位和不听从成年人。以前发表的研究尚不清楚所有形式的反社会行为是否都表现出相同的社会梯度。反社会行为社会梯度的潜在机制，如邻里特征和家庭过程，尚未完全阐明。本综述将综合考虑反社会行为的社会梯度，考虑到各种反社会行为的变化以及可能构成所确定梯度的机制的证据。
在本综述中，将对 1960 年至 2011 年期间发表的论文进行广泛的手动和电子文献检索。综述将包括针对一般人群中招募的儿童和青少年（<=18 岁）的实证和定量研究，这些研究包括社会地位和反社会行为的衡量标准。将使用标准化的数据提取表格和质量评估检查表来检索基本信息，并批判性地评估每项研究以及质量评分的组内一致性。如果可行，将使用荟萃分析来综合数据。然而，预计所选研究将具有异质性，在这种情况下，将应用叙述性综合。可以根据其质量评分、范围或方法对逻辑分组的研究分别得出结论。
本系统综述旨在综合跨学科反社会行为社会梯度的证据以及该效应的潜在机制。该综述的结果将为旨在减少社会不平等和反社会行为水平的社会政策提供信息，并确定当前文献中的差距，以指导进一步的研究。
