Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Biomark Med. 2012 Aug;6(4):455-76. doi: 10.2217/bmm.12.42.
Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is estimated to reach epidemic proportions by the year 2030. Given the limited accuracy of current AD clinical diagnosis, biomarkers of AD pathologies are currently being sought. Reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 42 (a marker of amyloid plaques) and elevations in tau species (markers of neurofibrillary tangles and/or neurodegeneration) are well-established as biomarkers useful for AD diagnosis and prognosis. However, novel markers for other features of AD pathophysiology (e.g., β-amyloid processing, neuroinflammation and neuronal stress/dysfunction) and for other non-AD dementias are required to improve the accuracy of AD disease diagnosis, prognosis, staging and therapeutic monitoring (theragnosis). This article discusses the potential of several promising novel cerebrospinal fluid analytes, highlights the next steps critical for advancement in the field, and provides a prediction on how the field may evolve in 5-10 years.
据估计，到 2030 年，阿尔茨海默病（AD）导致的痴呆症将达到流行程度。鉴于目前 AD 临床诊断的准确性有限，目前正在寻找 AD 病理学的生物标志物。脑脊液中β-淀粉样蛋白 42（淀粉样斑块的标志物）的减少和tau 种的升高（神经原纤维缠结和/或神经退行性变的标志物）已被确立为用于 AD 诊断和预后的有用生物标志物。然而，需要其他 AD 病理生理学特征（例如β-淀粉样蛋白处理、神经炎症和神经元应激/功能障碍）和其他非 AD 痴呆症的新型标志物，以提高 AD 疾病诊断、预后、分期和治疗监测（theragnosis）的准确性。本文讨论了几种有前途的新型脑脊液分析物的潜力，强调了该领域发展的关键下一步，并对该领域在 5-10 年内可能的发展方向进行了预测。
