Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment, Munich, Germany.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Dec;12(6):665-9. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283588cf4.
Aeroallergens are relevant eliciting factors of not only respiratory allergy but also atopic eczema in subgroups of patients. Due to a low number of controlled studies, the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) as potentially curative therapy as in respiratory atopic diseases is controversial in treating atopic eczema. This article summarizes theoretical aspects and recent results of clinical trials associated with ASIT in atopic eczema.
Literature demonstrates variability in study design and results, but ASIT has potential to improve the course of atopic eczema if type I sensitizations are present. Studies suggest the efficacy of ASIT on eczema not only in house dust mite allergy but also in patients with birch or grass pollen sensitization. In several studies, only defined subgroups of patients with atopic eczema showed positive results of ASIT. A generally good tolerability of ASIT was seen.
Atopic eczema patients with relevant allergies might benefit from ASIT as an additional therapeutic option. Side effects have been overestimated in the past. Hypothetically, the atopy patch test helps to identify an atopic eczema patient subgroup for successful ASIT.
变应原不仅是呼吸道过敏，也是某些患者特应性皮炎的激发因素。由于对照研究较少，变应原特异性免疫治疗（ASIT）作为潜在的治疗方法，在治疗特应性皮炎方面存在争议，就如同其在呼吸道变应性疾病中的应用。本文总结了与特应性皮炎 ASIT 相关的理论方面和最新临床试验结果。
文献表明研究设计和结果存在差异，但如果存在 I 型致敏，ASIT 有可能改善特应性皮炎的病程。研究表明 ASIT 对尘螨过敏的特应性皮炎患者以及桦树花粉或草花粉过敏的患者有效。在几项研究中，ASIT 对特应性皮炎患者的亚组显示出积极的效果。ASIT 的总体耐受性良好。
具有相关过敏的特应性皮炎患者可能会受益于 ASIT 作为附加治疗选择。过去，副作用被高估了。理论上，特应性斑贴试验有助于识别成功进行 ASIT 的特应性皮炎患者亚组。
