Ronacher B, Süss H
Institut für Zoologie II der Universität Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Biol Cybern. 1990;64(2):107-15. doi: 10.1007/BF02331339.
Results of a triad-classification task and a multidimensional-scaling (MDS) experiment are compared for individual observers. Both paradigms are designed to reveal whether stimuli are perceived in a holistic or analytic manner (Garner 1974). Subjects differed substantially and consistently in their triad classification pattern. The majority of subjects selected stimuli according to dimensional criteria; this classification type is thought to indicate an analytic stimulus processing. Approximately one third of subjects, however, used a classification according to overall similarity (indicating holistic processing). Except for the very first session, virtually no intermediate classification occurred. This clear separation into two classification types suggests that there actually exist two strongly preferred processing modes. Intraindividual variability between sessions in general was small. In one case, however, a spontaneous switching from a purely dimensional classification to a purely similarity classification occurred. This indicates that the observers have different processing options at their disposal, and are not forced to use a particular processing mode by the stimulus type--as has been supposed in the original concept of integrality/separability of stimuli (Garner 1974). In the MDS experiment also substantial interindividual differences in the "best-fitting" Minkowski metric were found, indicating different processing types. However, for individuals participating in both experiments, there was no correlation between the results of the two experimental paradigms. This is interpreted as a result of the subject's ability to choose between a few perceptual-processing options.
针对个体观察者，比较了三元组分类任务和多维尺度分析（MDS）实验的结果。这两种范式都旨在揭示刺激是被整体感知还是被分析性感知（加纳，1974年）。受试者在三元组分类模式上存在显著且一致的差异。大多数受试者根据维度标准选择刺激；这种分类类型被认为表明了分析性的刺激处理方式。然而，约三分之一的受试者根据整体相似性进行分类（表明是整体处理方式）。除了第一阶段，几乎没有出现中间分类情况。这种明显分为两种分类类型的情况表明，实际上存在两种强烈偏好的处理模式。各阶段之间的个体内变异性总体较小。然而，在一个案例中，出现了从纯粹的维度分类自发转变为纯粹的相似性分类的情况。这表明观察者有不同的处理选项可供选择，并且不会像刺激的整体性/可分性的原始概念所假设的那样（加纳，1974年），被刺激类型强制使用特定的处理模式。在MDS实验中，还发现了“最佳拟合”闵可夫斯基度量上存在显著的个体间差异，这表明了不同的处理类型。然而，对于同时参与两个实验的个体来说，两种实验范式的结果之间没有相关性。这被解释为受试者能够在几种感知处理选项之间进行选择的结果。
