Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Trends Genet. 2012 Nov;28(11):574-81. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
Codon usage and tRNA abundance are critical parameters for gene synthesis. However, the forces determining codon usage bias within genomes and between organisms, as well as the functional roles of biased codon compositions, remain poorly understood. Similarly, the composition and dynamics of mature tRNA populations in cells in terms of isoacceptor abundances, and the prevalence and function of base modifications are not well understood. As we begin to decipher some of the rules that govern codon usage and tRNA abundances, it is becoming clear that these parameters are a way to not only increase gene expression, but also regulate the speed of ribosomal translation, the efficiency of protein folding, and the coordinated expression of functionally related gene families. Here, we discuss the importance of codon-anticodon interactions in translation regulation and highlight the contribution of non-random codon distributions and post-transcriptional base modifications to this regulation.
密码子使用和 tRNA 丰度是基因合成的关键参数。然而，决定基因组内和生物间密码子使用偏好的力量，以及偏向密码子组成的功能作用，仍然知之甚少。同样，细胞中成熟 tRNA 群体的组成和动态，就同工受体的丰度而言，以及碱基修饰的普遍性和功能也知之甚少。随着我们开始破译一些控制密码子使用和 tRNA 丰度的规则，很明显，这些参数不仅可以提高基因表达，还可以调节核糖体翻译的速度、蛋白质折叠的效率以及功能相关基因家族的协调表达。在这里，我们讨论了密码子-反密码子相互作用在翻译调控中的重要性，并强调了非随机密码子分布和转录后碱基修饰对这种调控的贡献。
