Daviter T, Gromadski K B, Rodnina M V
Institute of Physical Biochemistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58448 Witten, Germany
Biochimie. 2006 Aug;88(8):1001-11. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.04.013. Epub 2006 May 12.
The ribosome is a molecular machine that synthesizes polypeptides from aminoacyl-tRNAs according to the sequence of the mRNA template. Codon reading by the anticodon of tRNA is controlled by a network of ribosome contacts that are specific for each position of the codon-anticodon duplex and involve A-minor RNA interactions. Rapid and accurate tRNA selection is accomplished by switching the conformation of the decoding site between accepting and rejecting mode, regardless of the thermodynamic stability of the respective codon-anticodon complexes or their interactions at the decoding site. The forward reactions are particularly sensitive to mismatches and determine the variations in the extent of misreading of near-cognate codons, both during initial selection and proofreading. This review emphasizes the progress made in understanding the mechanisms that determine recognition and selection of tRNA by the translational machinery.
核糖体是一种分子机器，它根据mRNA模板的序列从氨酰-tRNA合成多肽。tRNA反密码子对密码子的读取由核糖体接触网络控制，这些接触对于密码子-反密码子双链体的每个位置都是特异性的，并且涉及A- minor RNA相互作用。快速准确的tRNA选择是通过在接受模式和拒绝模式之间切换解码位点的构象来实现的，而不管相应密码子-反密码子复合物的热力学稳定性或它们在解码位点的相互作用如何。正向反应对错配特别敏感，并决定了在初始选择和校对过程中近同源密码子误读程度的变化。本综述强调了在理解翻译机制识别和选择tRNA的机制方面所取得的进展。
