Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2013 Mar;87(3):254-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.08.010. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
Mental set is known to influence cognitive functioning. Risk-seeking and risk-aversive mental sets alter cerebral responses to conflicting events. Here, building on our previous imaging work of the stop signal task, we introduced a "reward uncertainty" condition to elicit changes in participants' mental sets and examined how individual differences altered the neural responses to salient events. Approximately half of 27 adult participants - the Conservatives - became more risk-aversive in the "reward" as compared to the "standard" condition, by slowing down in go reaction time. We hypothesized that stop errors were more salient for these participants, as compared to the other subjects - the Riskys - who speeded up in go reaction time in the reward as compared to standard condition. With statistical parametric mapping, we showed greater activation of the retrosplenial cortex, somatosensory cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, and thalamus during stop error, in contrast to stop success trials, in the Conservatives as compared to Riskys. These results provided evidence that mental set influences cerebral activations during stop signal performance and extended the potential utility of the stop signal task in elucidating the contextual effects on cognitive control.
心理定势被认为会影响认知功能。冒险和避险心理定势改变了大脑对冲突事件的反应。在这里，我们基于之前的停止信号任务的成像研究，引入了“奖励不确定性”条件来引发参与者心理定势的变化，并研究了个体差异如何改变对显著事件的神经反应。在 27 名成年参与者中，大约有一半——保守派——在“奖励”条件下比在“标准”条件下变得更加避险，表现为在进行反应时减缓了速度。我们假设，与其他受试者——冒险派——相比，停止错误对这些参与者来说更加突出，因为在奖励条件下，他们的反应速度比标准条件下更快。通过统计参数映射，我们发现，与停止成功试验相比，在保守派参与者中，在停止错误时，后扣带回皮层、躯体感觉皮层、预备运动区和丘脑的激活程度更高。这些结果提供了证据表明，心理定势会影响停止信号任务中的大脑激活，并扩展了停止信号任务在阐明认知控制的上下文效应方面的潜在效用。
