Department of Radiology and BRIC and.
Cereb Cortex. 2013 Nov;23(11):2724-33. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs265. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
The human cerebral cortex develops rapidly and dynamically in the first 2 years of life. It has been shown that cortical surface expansion from term infant to adult is highly nonuniform in a cross-sectional study. However, little is known about the longitudinal cortical surface expansion during early postnatal stages. In this article, we generate the first longitudinal surface-based atlases of human cortical structures at 0, 1, and 2 years of age from 73 healthy subjects. On the basis of the surface-based atlases, we study the longitudinal cortical surface expansion in the first 2 years of life and find that cortical surface expansion is age related and region specific. In the first year, cortical surface expands dramatically, with an average expansion of 1.80 times. In particular, regions of superior and medial temporal, superior parietal, medial orbitofrontal, lateral anterior prefrontal, occipital cortices, and postcentral gyrus expand relatively larger than other regions. In the second year, cortical surface still expands substantially, with an average expansion of 1.20 times. In particular, regions of superior and middle frontal, orbitofrontal, inferior temporal, inferior parietal, and superior parietal cortices expand relatively larger than other regions. These region-specific patterns of cortical surface expansion are related to cognitive and functional development at these stages.
人类大脑皮层在生命的头两年迅速而动态地发育。已有研究表明，在横断面研究中，从足月婴儿到成人的皮质表面积扩张是高度不均匀的。然而，关于出生后早期的皮质表面积纵向扩张，人们知之甚少。在本文中，我们从 73 名健康受试者中生成了第一个 0 岁、1 岁和 2 岁人类皮质结构的基于表面的纵向图谱。基于这些基于表面的图谱，我们研究了生命头两年的纵向皮质表面积扩张，发现皮质表面积扩张与年龄有关，且具有区域特异性。在第一年，皮质表面积急剧扩张，平均扩张 1.80 倍。特别是颞上和内侧、顶上、内侧眶额、外侧额前、枕叶皮质和中央后回区域的扩张比其他区域相对较大。在第二年，皮质表面积仍有较大扩张，平均扩张 1.20 倍。特别是额上和中回、眶额、颞下回、顶下和顶上回区域的扩张比其他区域相对较大。这些皮质表面积扩张的区域特异性模式与这些阶段的认知和功能发展有关。
