Lyrer P, Bonati L, Michel P
Neurologie, Stroke Unit, Universitätsspital Basel.
Ther Umsch. 2012 Sep;69(9):549-53. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000328.
Organised care of stroke patients is based on scientific evidence from randomized controlled trials,clinical practice guidelines, and expert consensus. Important features include emergency room facility, the presence of a dedicated stroke unit ward, and a multi-professional team approach. In adherence to diagnostic and therapeutic time-windows, intravenous thrombolytic therapy, periods of automated monitoring, access to decompressive craniectomy and intraarterial thrombolysis or clot removal, early swallowing diagnostics and therapy, early mobilization and rehabilitation are warranted. Further supported discharge and basic aftercare with treatment of risk factors and post-stroke prevention are consequently applied. The main components of the necessary infrastructure, technical equipment, diagnostic pathways, therapeutic interventions, nursing care and multi-professional rehabilitation are to be organised and planned for each institution, who aims to treat stroke patients. This also covers the hospital environment and interactions between the stroke unit and other departments. Quality indicators are also required.
中风患者的规范化护理基于随机对照试验、临床实践指南和专家共识得出的科学证据。重要特征包括急诊室设施、设有专门的中风单元病房以及采用多专业团队协作模式。严格遵循诊断和治疗时间窗，进行静脉溶栓治疗、自动化监测、实施减压性颅骨切除术及动脉内溶栓或取栓、早期吞咽诊断与治疗、早期活动和康复。因此还需提供进一步的出院支持及针对危险因素治疗和中风后预防的基本后续护理。每个旨在治疗中风患者的机构都应规划和安排必要的基础设施、技术设备、诊断途径、治疗干预、护理及多专业康复的主要组成部分。这还包括医院环境以及中风单元与其他科室之间的相互作用。同时也需要质量指标。
