Dasgupta Shruti, Salman Mohammed, Lokesh S, Xaviour D, Saheb S Yaseen, Prasad B V Ravi, Sarkar Biswanath
Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Mysore, India.
J Midlife Health. 2012 Jan;3(1):24-30. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.98814.
Increased incidences of cardiovascular disorder and metabolic syndrome particularly after menopause have raised curiosity for the underlying factors. However, it is still a debate whether age or menopausal transition is a greater contributor.
To elucidate the inter-relationships of age, menopause, and associated obesity and to assess their independent effects on aggravation of cardio metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women.
Four hundred two women aged between 30 and 75 years were recruited in a cross-sectional study from Southern India. Three hundred sixteen participants exempting exclusion criteria, comprising of 169 premenopausal and 147 postmenopausal women were finally included.
Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), fat percentage, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and blood pressure were taken. Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured.
Independent t-test, Analysis of covariates (ANCOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise linear regression model analysis were done.
A significant increase in physical and metabolic factors was observed in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women except WC and HbA1c. Contrastingly, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels and BMR were significantly decreased. After adjusting for BMI and age, the significant differences in the variables through the menopausal transition persisted, including an increase in WC. Significant correlation was observed between age and measures of general obesity such as BMI (P < 0.05) and fat percentage (P < 0.001) but not with central obesity indices. Menopausal status and WC exerted an independent effect on most of the metabolic risk factors (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01). Fat percentage was the predicting variable for CRP, HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), and HDL (P < 0.01). But Age showed independent effect only on HbA1c.
Menopausal transition brings about anomalies in total body composition characterized by an increased body fat mass and central adiposity. This creates a compatible atmosphere for abnormal metabolism and aggravated cardio metabolic risk factors. Thus, menopausal status and associated obesity is the major predictor of metabolic aberrations over age in menopausal women.
心血管疾病和代谢综合征的发病率不断上升，尤其是在绝经后，这引发了人们对潜在因素的好奇。然而，年龄或绝经过渡哪个是更大的影响因素仍存在争议。
阐明年龄、绝经及相关肥胖之间的相互关系，并评估它们对绝经后女性心血管代谢危险因素加重的独立影响。
在印度南部的一项横断面研究中招募了402名年龄在30至75岁之间的女性。最终纳入了316名符合排除标准的参与者，其中包括169名绝经前女性和147名绝经后女性。
进行了人体测量，如体重、身高、腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）、脂肪百分比、基础代谢率（BMR）和血压。还测量了空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂谱和C反应蛋白（CRP）。
进行了独立t检验、协方差分析（ANCOVA）、Pearson相关系数和多元逐步线性回归模型分析。
与绝经前女性相比，绝经后女性除WC和HbA1c外，身体和代谢因素均显著增加。相反，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平和BMR显著降低。在调整BMI和年龄后，绝经过渡期间变量的显著差异仍然存在，包括WC增加。年龄与一般肥胖指标如BMI（P < 0.05）和脂肪百分比（P < 0.001）之间存在显著相关性，但与中心性肥胖指标无关。绝经状态和WC对大多数代谢危险因素有独立影响（P < 0.001或P < 0.01）。脂肪百分比是CRP、HbA1c、舒张压（P < 0.001）和HDL（P < 0.01）的预测变量。但年龄仅对HbA1c有独立影响。
绝经过渡导致全身成分异常，其特征是体脂量增加和中心性肥胖。这为异常代谢和心血管代谢危险因素加重创造了适宜的环境。因此，绝经状态及相关肥胖是绝经后女性代谢异常比年龄更主要的预测因素。
