UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
Ecology. 2012 Aug;93(8):1944-52. doi: 10.1890/11-1840.1.
Environmental variability, costs of reproduction, and heterogeneity in individual quality are three important sources of the temporal and interindividual variations in vital rates of wild populations. Based on an 18-year monitoring of an endangered, recently described, long-lived seabird, Monteiro's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma monteiroi), we designed multistate survival models to separate the effects of the reproductive cost (breeders vs. nonbreeders) and individual quality (successful vs. unsuccessful breeders) in relation to temporally variable demographic and oceanographic properties. The analysis revealed a gradient of individual quality from nonbreeders, to unsuccessful breeders, to successful breeders. The survival rates of unsuccessful breeders (0.90 +/- 0.023, mean +/- SE) tended to decrease in years of high average breeding success and were more sensitive to oceanographic variation than those of both (high-quality) successful breeders (0.97 +/- 0.015) and (low-quality) nonbreeders (0.83 +/- 0.028). Overall, our results indicate that reproductive costs act on individuals of intermediate quality and are mediated by environmental harshness.
环境变异性、繁殖成本以及个体质量的异质性是野生动物种群关键生活史特征的时间和个体间变异的三个重要来源。本研究基于对一种濒危的、最近才被描述的、长寿命海鸟——蒙特里氏暴风鹱（Oceanodroma monteiroi）长达 18 年的监测，设计了多状态生存模型，以分离繁殖成本（繁殖者与非繁殖者）和个体质量（繁殖成功与繁殖失败的个体）与随时间变化的种群动态和海洋学特征之间的关系。分析结果揭示了个体质量的梯度，从非繁殖者、繁殖失败的个体到繁殖成功的个体。繁殖失败的个体（0.90 +/- 0.023，平均值 +/- SE）的存活率在繁殖成功率较高的年份趋于下降，并且比繁殖成功的个体（高质量个体，0.97 +/- 0.015）和非繁殖者（低质量个体，0.83 +/- 0.028）对海洋学变化更为敏感。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，繁殖成本作用于中等质量的个体，并受到环境严酷性的调节。
