Fox Alice J S, Wanivenhaus Florian, Rodeo Scott A
Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA.
J Knee Surg. 2012 May;25(2):127-41. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1313741.
The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. The patellofemoral joint provides an integral articulating component of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint. A detailed description of patella anatomy, embryology and development, neurovascular anatomy, biomechanical function, and imaging modalities is provided in this article. Common patellar pathologies such as patellar instability, trochlear dysplasia, patella alta and baja, and patellofemoral joint arthritis as well as patellofemoral arthroplasty as a treatment option are also discussed. An understanding of the normal anatomy and biomechanics of the patella is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the pathogenesis of disorders involving the knee.
髌骨是人体最大的籽骨。髌股关节是膝关节伸肌机制中不可或缺的关节组成部分。本文详细介绍了髌骨的解剖结构、胚胎学与发育、神经血管解剖、生物力学功能以及影像学检查方法。还讨论了常见的髌骨病变，如髌骨不稳定、滑车发育不良、高位髌骨和低位髌骨、髌股关节关节炎以及作为治疗选择的髌股关节置换术。了解髌骨的正常解剖结构和生物力学是理解涉及膝关节疾病发病机制的必要前提。
