Eravci Yalin Ebru, Altundağ Yusuf, Altunatmaz Kemal, Çakar Buket, Acar Esra, Pasicka Edyta, Özkan Ermiş, Gündemir Ozan, Spataru Mihaela-Claudia
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Türkiye.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Türkiye.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 30;15(11):1608. doi: 10.3390/ani15111608.
The patella plays a vital role in stifle joint function by contributing to limb extension and joint stabilization. While its clinical significance in small animal orthopedic surgery is well established, detailed comparative data on patellar morphology in domestic cats and dogs remain limited. This study aimed to investigate interspecific and intraspecific variation in patellar shape and size using three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques. Computed tomography images of 18 cats and 55 dogs were used to construct 3D models, and a total of 14 anatomical landmarks were manually placed on each patella. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was applied, followed by principal component analysis to explore patterns of shape variation. The results revealed a significant difference in shape between cats and dogs, with dogs exhibiting broader variation and larger centroid sizes. Regression analysis indicated that 12.2% of the observed shape variation could be attributed to centroid size, reflecting the influence of patellar size. This strong link suggests that size has a significant influence on how the patella's shape varies, especially in dogs. These findings highlight the importance of individual variation in patellar morphology, particularly in dogs. A single standardized implant or surgical technique may not be appropriate for all cases. Integrating shape and size evaluations into preoperative imaging can help improve implant fit, joint stability, and overall surgical success. In the absence of breed-specific data, individualized planning remains the most reliable approach.
髌骨通过促进肢体伸展和关节稳定，在 stifle 关节功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然其在小动物骨科手术中的临床意义已得到充分证实，但关于家猫和家犬髌骨形态的详细比较数据仍然有限。本研究旨在使用三维几何形态测量技术研究髌骨形状和大小的种间和种内变异。使用 18 只猫和 55 只狗的计算机断层扫描图像构建 3D 模型，并在每个髌骨上手动放置总共 14 个解剖标志点。应用广义 Procrustes 分析，随后进行主成分分析以探索形状变异模式。结果显示猫和狗之间的形状存在显著差异，狗表现出更广泛的变异和更大的形心尺寸。回归分析表明，观察到的形状变异中有 12.2% 可归因于形心尺寸，反映了髌骨大小的影响。这种紧密联系表明大小对髌骨形状的变化方式有显著影响，尤其是在狗身上。这些发现突出了髌骨形态个体变异的重要性，特别是在狗身上。单一的标准化植入物或手术技术可能并不适用于所有病例。将形状和大小评估纳入术前成像有助于改善植入物贴合度、关节稳定性和整体手术成功率。在缺乏特定品种数据的情况下，个体化规划仍然是最可靠的方法。
