Moreno-García M, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Condé R, Lanz-Mendoza H
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
Bull Entomol Res. 2013 Apr;103(2):127-39. doi: 10.1017/S000748531200048X. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
The field of ecological immunology currently relies on using a number of immune effectors or markers. These markers are usually used to infer ecological trade-offs (via conflicts in resource allocation), though physiological nature of these markers remains elusive. Here, we review markers frequently used in insect evolutionary ecology research: cuticle darkening, haemocyte density, nodule/capsule formation, phagocytosis and encapsulation/melanization via use of nylon filaments and beads, phenoloxidase activity, nitric oxide production, lysozyme and antimicrobial peptide production. We also provide physiologically based information that may shed light on the probable trade-offs inferred when these markers are used. In addition, we provide a number of methodological suggestions to improve immune marker assessment.
生态免疫学领域目前依赖于使用多种免疫效应物或标记物。这些标记物通常用于推断生态权衡（通过资源分配中的冲突），尽管这些标记物的生理本质仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们综述了昆虫进化生态学研究中常用的标记物：表皮黑化、血细胞密度、结节/包囊形成、吞噬作用以及通过使用尼龙丝和珠子进行的包囊化/黑化作用、酚氧化酶活性、一氧化氮产生、溶菌酶和抗菌肽产生。我们还提供了基于生理学的信息，这些信息可能有助于阐明使用这些标记物时推断出的可能权衡。此外，我们提供了一些方法学建议，以改进免疫标记物评估。
