Shakya B, Shrestha S, Madhikarmi N L, Adhikari R
Department of Microbiology, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2012 Jan;10(1):20-3.
Intestinal parasitosis is a major public health problem of developing countries, children being major victims. Higher prevalence has been reported among school children, mostly in hilly regions of Nepal. This study aims at assessing prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among school children of a school in a border town of Nepal and the associated factors.
Fecal samples from the students were examined by direct smear technique and result was correlated with their socioeconomic status and hygienic behavior. The chi-square test was used for analytical assessment.
The prevalence rate was 13.9%, girls being highly infected (19.1%) than boys (10.3%) (P>0.05). Entamoeba histolytica (36.0%) was the commonest parasite followed by A. lumbricoides (28.0%). The highest positive rate was found among children of 5 years and less age (29.2%) and least among those above 12 years (5.3%) (P>0.05). Those from family size 5 and less than 5 were least infected (10.5%). Children of illiterate parents (16.7%) and farmers (17.1%) were more infected than literate ones and non-farmers (P>0.05). 8.7% of positive children had multi-parasitic infection. Children drinking untreated water (15.0%) were more infected than those drinking treated water (5.5%) (P>0.05).
Intestinal parasitic infection was found among 17% school children. Awareness on infectious diseases, improving hygiene, and application of supportive programs for parents to elevate socioeconomic conditions may reduce the burden of infection.
肠道寄生虫病是发展中国家的一个主要公共卫生问题，儿童是主要受害者。据报道，在校儿童中的患病率较高，主要集中在尼泊尔的山区。本研究旨在评估尼泊尔一个边境城镇一所学校的在校儿童肠道寄生虫病的患病率及其相关因素。
采用直接涂片技术检查学生的粪便样本，并将结果与其社会经济状况和卫生行为相关联。使用卡方检验进行分析评估。
患病率为13.9%，女孩的感染率（19.1%）高于男孩（10.3%）（P>0.05）。溶组织内阿米巴（36.0%）是最常见的寄生虫，其次是蛔虫（28.0%）。5岁及以下儿童的阳性率最高（29.2%），12岁以上儿童的阳性率最低（5.3%）（P>0.05）。家庭规模为5人及以下的儿童感染率最低（10.5%）。文盲父母的孩子（16.7%）和农民家庭的孩子（17.1%）比有文化的父母和非农民家庭的孩子感染率更高（P>0.05）。8.7%的阳性儿童有多重寄生虫感染。饮用未处理水的儿童（15.0%）比饮用处理后水的儿童（5.5%）感染率更高（P>0.05）。
在17%的在校儿童中发现了肠道寄生虫感染。提高对传染病的认识、改善卫生条件以及为家长提供支持项目以提高社会经济状况，可能会减轻感染负担。
