Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012 Aug 29;7:57. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-57.
Uveitis is an autoimmune disease of the eye that refers to any of a number of intraocular inflammatory conditions. Because it is a rare disease, uveitis is often overlooked, and the possible associations between uveitis and extra-ocular disease manifestations are not well known. The aim of this study was to characterize uveitis in a large sample of patients and to evaluate the relationship between uveitis and systemic diseases.
The present study is a cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with uveitis. Records from consecutive uveitis patients who were seen by the Uveitis Service in the Department of Ophthalmology at the Medical University of Vienna between 1995 and 2009 were selected from the clinical databases. The cases were classified according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Study Group criteria for Uveitis.
Data were available for 2619 patients, of whom 59.9% suffered from anterior, 14.8% from intermediate, 18.3% from posterior and 7.0% from panuveitis. 37.2% of all cases showed an association between uveitis and extra-organ diseases; diseases with primarily arthritic manifestations were seen in 10.1% of all cases, non-infectious systemic diseases (i.e., Behçet´s disease, sarcoidosis or multiple sclerosis) in 8.4% and infectious uveitis in 18.7%. 49.4% of subjects suffering from anterior uveitis tested positively for the HLA-B27 antigen. In posterior uveitis cases 29% were caused by ocular toxoplasmosis and 17.7% by multifocal choroiditis.
Ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, infectiologists, neurologists and general practitioners should be familiar with the differential diagnosis of uveitis. A better interdisciplinary approach could help in tailoring of the work-up, earlier diagnosis of co-existing diseases and management of uveitis patients.
葡萄膜炎是一种眼部自身免疫性疾病，是多种眼内炎症性疾病的统称。由于该病较为罕见，常被忽视，其与眼部外疾病表现的可能关联也不为人知。本研究旨在对大量葡萄膜炎患者的疾病特征进行分析，并评估葡萄膜炎与系统性疾病之间的关系。
本研究为葡萄膜炎患者队列的横断面研究。选择 1995 年至 2009 年间在维也纳医科大学眼科葡萄膜炎科就诊的葡萄膜炎患者的临床数据库中的连续病例。病例根据葡萄膜炎命名标准研究组（Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Study Group）的标准进行分类。
共纳入 2619 例患者的数据，其中 59.9%为前葡萄膜炎，14.8%为中间葡萄膜炎，18.3%为后葡萄膜炎，7.0%为全葡萄膜炎。37.2%的病例均存在葡萄膜炎与眼部外疾病之间的关联；10.1%的病例以关节疾病为主要表现，8.4%为非传染性全身疾病（如贝切特病、结节病或多发性硬化症），18.7%为感染性葡萄膜炎。前葡萄膜炎患者中，49.4%的人 HLA-B27 抗原检测呈阳性。后葡萄膜炎中，29%由眼弓形体病引起，17.7%由多灶性脉络膜炎引起。
眼科医生、风湿病医生、传染病医生、神经科医生和全科医生应熟悉葡萄膜炎的鉴别诊断。更好的跨学科方法有助于完善检查、早期诊断共存疾病，并为葡萄膜炎患者提供更好的管理。
