Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
J Chem Ecol. 2012 Sep;38(9):1190-202. doi: 10.1007/s10886-012-0182-y. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
The gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae collected at Providencia Island (Colombia) has an unfouled surface, free of obvious algal and invertebrate growth. This gorgonian produces significant amounts of the glycosilated diterpenes pseudopterosins and seco-pseudopterosins (Ps and seco-Ps). Our previous experiments have shown activity of these compounds against eukaryotic (human cancer cell lines and Candida albicans) and prokaryotic cells (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis). However, the potential role of pseudopterosins on the regulation of the fouling process is still under study. We evaluated the activity of these compounds against bacteria isolated from heavily fouled marine surfaces as an indicator of antifouling activity. Additionally, we assessed their activity against bacteria isolated from P. elisabethae to determine whether potentially they play a role in preventing surface bacterial colonization, thus impairing presumptively the establishment of further successional stages of fouling communities. Results showed that Ps and seco-Ps seem to modulate bacterial growth (controlling Gram-positive bacterial growth and inducing Gram-negative bacterial associations). We thus hypothesized that Ps and seco-Ps may play a role in controlling microbial fouling communities on the surface of this gorgonian. By using bTEFAP and FISH we showed that the most abundant bacteria present in the microbial communities associated with P. elisabethae are Gram-negative bacteria, with Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria the most representative. To evaluate whether Ps and seco-Ps have a direct effect on the structure of the bacterial community associated with P. elisabethae, we tested these compounds against culturable bacteria associated with the surface of P. elisabethae, finding remarkable selectivity against Gram-positive bacteria. The evidence presented here suggests that Ps and seco-Ps might have a role in the selection of organisms associated with the gorgonian surface and in the regulation of the associated bacterial community composition.
在哥伦比亚的普罗维登西亚岛采集的柳珊瑚 Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae 表面没有污垢，没有明显的藻类和无脊椎动物生长。这种柳珊瑚产生大量的糖基二萜 pseudopterosins 和 seco-pseudopterosins (Ps 和 seco-Ps)。我们之前的实验表明，这些化合物对真核生物（人类癌细胞系和白色念珠菌）和原核生物（金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌）都有活性。然而，pseudopterosins 对污损过程调节的潜在作用仍在研究中。我们评估了这些化合物对从严重污损海洋表面分离的细菌的活性，作为抗污损活性的指标。此外，我们评估了它们对从 P. elisabethae 分离的细菌的活性，以确定它们是否可能在防止表面细菌定殖方面发挥作用，从而可能阻止污损群落的进一步演替阶段的建立。结果表明，Ps 和 seco-Ps 似乎可以调节细菌的生长（控制革兰氏阳性菌的生长并诱导革兰氏阴性菌的共生）。因此，我们假设 Ps 和 seco-Ps 可能在控制这种柳珊瑚表面的微生物污损群落方面发挥作用。通过使用 bTEFAP 和 FISH，我们表明与 P. elisabethae 相关的微生物群落中最丰富的细菌是革兰氏阴性菌，其中变形菌门和γ变形菌门最具代表性。为了评估 Ps 和 seco-Ps 是否对与 P. elisabethae 相关的细菌群落的结构有直接影响，我们测试了这些化合物对与 P. elisabethae 表面相关的可培养细菌的作用，发现它们对革兰氏阳性菌具有显著的选择性。这里提出的证据表明，Ps 和 seco-Ps 可能在与柳珊瑚表面相关的生物的选择和相关细菌群落组成的调节中发挥作用。
