Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:233-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132544. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Plastids are semiautonomous organelles derived from cyanobacterial ancestors. Following endosymbiosis, plastids have evolved to optimize their functions, thereby limiting metabolic redundancy with other cell compartments. Contemporary plastids have also recruited proteins produced by the nuclear genome of the host cell. In addition, many genes acquired from the cyanobacterial ancestor evolved to code for proteins that are targeted to cell compartments other than the plastid. Consequently, metabolic pathways are now a patchwork of enzymes of diverse origins, located in various cell compartments. Because of this, a wide range of metabolites and ions traffic between the plastids and other cell compartments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the well-known, and of the as yet uncharacterized, chloroplast/cytosol exchange processes, which can be deduced from what is currently known about compartmentation of plant-cell metabolism.
质体是源自蓝藻祖先的半自主细胞器。在共生之后，质体进化到优化它们的功能，从而限制了与其他细胞区室的代谢冗余。当代质体还招募了宿主细胞核基因组产生的蛋白质。此外，许多从蓝藻祖先获得的基因进化为编码靶向质体以外细胞区室的蛋白质。因此，代谢途径现在是各种来源的酶的拼凑物，位于不同的细胞区室中。正因为如此，大量的代谢物和离子在质体和其他细胞区室之间流动。在这篇综述中，我们对目前已知的植物细胞代谢区室化情况进行了综合分析，提出了已知的和尚未被描述的叶绿体/细胞质交换过程。
