芬兰成年人对意外牙科费用的支付意愿和能力。
Willingness and ability to pay for unexpected dental expenses by Finnish adults.
机构信息
National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2012 Aug 30;12:35. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-35.
BACKGROUND
Since 2002, adults have been able to choose oral health care services in the public sector or in the private sector in Finland. Though various subsidies for care exist in both sectors, the Public Dental Service (PDS) is a cheaper option for the patient but, on the other hand, there are no waiting lists for private care. The aim of this study was to assess middle-aged adults' use of dental services, willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP) for unexpected, urgent dental treatment.
METHODS
Postal questionnaires on use of dental services were sent to a random sample of 1500 47-59 year old adults living in three large municipalities in the Helsinki region. The initial response rate was 65.8%. Two hypothetical scenarios were presented: "What would be the highest price you would be prepared to pay to have a lost filling replaced immediately, or, at the latest, the day after losing the filling?" and " How much could you pay for unexpected dental expenses at two weeks notice, if you suddenly needed more comprehensive treatment?" Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse factors related to WTP and ATP.
RESULTS
Most respondents (89.6%) had visited a dentist recently and a majority (76.1%) had used private services. For immediate replacement of a lost filling, almost all respondents (93.2%) were willing to pay the lower price charged in the PDS and 46.2% were willing to pay the private fee. High income and no subjective need for dental treatment were positively associated with the probability of paying a higher price. Most respondents (93.0%) were able to pay a low fee, EUR 50 and almost half (41.6%) at least EUR 300 for unexpected treatment at short notice. High income and male sex were associated with high ATP.
CONCLUSION
There was a strong and statistically significant relationship between income and WTP and ATP for urgent dental care, indicating that access to publicly provided services improved equity for persons with low income.
背景
自 2002 年以来，芬兰的成年人能够在公共部门或私营部门选择口腔保健服务。尽管两个部门都存在各种补贴，但公共牙科服务（PDS）对患者来说是更便宜的选择，但另一方面，私人护理没有等待名单。本研究旨在评估中年成年人对牙科服务的使用、对意外紧急牙科治疗的支付意愿 (WTP) 和支付能力 (ATP)。
方法
向居住在赫尔辛基地区三个大城市的随机抽取的 1500 名 47-59 岁成年人邮寄了牙科服务使用情况调查问卷。初始回复率为 65.8%。呈现了两个假设情景：“您愿意支付的最高价格是多少，以便立即更换丢失的填充物，或者在丢失填充物后的第二天？”和“如果您突然需要更全面的治疗，您可以在两周通知的情况下支付多少意外的牙科费用？”逻辑回归分析用于分析与 WTP 和 ATP 相关的因素。
结果
大多数受访者（89.6%）最近看过牙医，大多数（76.1%）人使用过私人服务。对于立即更换丢失的填充物，几乎所有受访者（93.2%）都愿意支付 PDS 收取的较低价格，而 46.2%的人愿意支付私人费用。高收入和没有主观的牙科治疗需求与支付更高价格的概率呈正相关。大多数受访者（93.0%）能够支付低费用，50 欧元，近一半（41.6%）至少支付 300 欧元，以便在短时间内获得意外治疗。高收入和男性与高 ATP 相关。
结论
收入与对紧急牙科护理的 WTP 和 ATP 之间存在强且具有统计学意义的关系，表明获得公共提供的服务提高了低收入者的公平性。
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