Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Health and Sports Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Oct 15;113(8):1260-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00869.2012. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Although voluntary running has beneficial effects on hippocampal cognitive functions if done abundantly, it is still uncertain whether resistance running would be the same. For this purpose, voluntary resistance wheel running (RWR) with a load is a suitable model, since it allows increased work levels and resultant muscular adaptation in fast-twitch muscle. Here, we examined whether RWR would have potential effects on hippocampal cognitive functions with enhanced hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as does wheel running without a load (WR). Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to sedentary (Sed), WR, and RWR (to a maximum load of 30% of body weight) groups for 4 wk. We found that in RWR, work levels increased with load, but running distance decreased by about half, which elicited muscular adaptation for fast-twitch plantaris muscle without causing any negative stress effects. Both RWR and WR led to improved spatial learning and memory as well as gene expressions of hippocampal BDNF signaling-related molecules. RWR increased hippocampal BDNF, tyrosine-related kinase B (TrkB), and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein levels, whereas WR increased only BDNF. With both exercise groups, there were correlations between spatial memory and BDNF protein (r = 0.41), p-CREB protein (r = 0.44), and work levels (r = 0.77). These results suggest that RWR plays a beneficial role in hippocampus-related cognitive functions associated with hippocampal BDNF signaling, even with short distances, and that work levels rather than running distance are more determinant of exercise-induced beneficial effects in wheel running with and without a load.
虽然如果大量进行自愿跑步会对海马体认知功能产生有益影响，但目前还不确定抗阻跑步是否也是如此。为此，带有负荷的自愿抗阻轮跑（RWR）是一种合适的模型，因为它可以增加快肌中的工作水平和由此产生的肌肉适应性。在这里，我们研究了 RWR 是否会像无负荷轮跑（WR）一样，通过增强海马脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）来产生潜在的海马体认知功能影响。将 10 周龄雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为安静组（Sed）、WR 组和 RWR 组（最大负荷为体重的 30%），进行 4 周。我们发现，在 RWR 中，随着负荷的增加，工作水平增加，但跑步距离减少了约一半，这引发了快肌比目鱼肌的适应性而没有造成任何负面应激影响。RWR 和 WR 都能改善空间学习和记忆以及海马体 BDNF 信号相关分子的基因表达。RWR 增加了海马体 BDNF、酪氨酸相关激酶 B（TrkB）和 cAMP 反应元件结合蛋白（CREB）的蛋白水平，而 WR 仅增加了 BDNF。在这两个运动组中，空间记忆与 BDNF 蛋白（r = 0.41）、p-CREB 蛋白（r = 0.44）和工作水平（r = 0.77）之间存在相关性。这些结果表明，即使在短距离的情况下，RWR 也在与海马体相关的认知功能中发挥有益作用，这与海马体 BDNF 信号有关，而工作水平而不是跑步距离更能决定有负荷和无负荷轮跑的运动诱导的有益效果。
