Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
Artif Life. 2012 Fall;18(4):365-83. doi: 10.1162/ARTL_a_00072. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Intention recognition is ubiquitous in most social interactions among humans and other primates. Despite this, the role of intention recognition in the emergence of cooperative actions remains elusive. Resorting to the tools of evolutionary game theory, herein we describe a computational model showing how intention recognition coevolves with cooperation in populations of self-regarding individuals. By equipping some individuals with the capacity of assessing the intentions of others in the course of a prototypical dilemma of cooperation-the repeated prisoner's dilemma-we show how intention recognition is favored by natural selection, opening a window of opportunity for cooperation to thrive. We introduce a new strategy (IR) that is able to assign an intention to the actions of opponents, on the basis of an acquired corpus consisting of possible plans achieving that intention, as well as to then make decisions on the basis of such recognized intentions. The success of IR is grounded on the free exploitation of unconditional cooperators while remaining robust against unconditional defectors. In addition, we show how intention recognizers do indeed prevail against the best-known successful strategies of iterated dilemmas of cooperation, even in the presence of errors and reduction of fitness associated with a small cognitive cost for performing intention recognition.
意图识别在人类和其他灵长类动物的大多数社交互动中都很普遍。尽管如此，意图识别在合作行为出现中的作用仍然难以捉摸。本文借助进化博弈论的工具，描述了一个计算模型，展示了意图识别如何在自利个体的群体中与合作共同进化。通过在合作的原型困境——重复囚徒困境中赋予一些个体评估他人意图的能力，我们展示了意图识别如何受到自然选择的青睐，为合作的繁荣开辟了机会之窗。我们引入了一种新策略（IR），它能够根据包含实现该意图的可能计划的已获取语料库，为对手的行为分配意图，然后根据这种已识别的意图做出决策。IR 的成功基于对无条件合作者的自由利用，同时对无条件的背叛者保持稳健。此外，我们还展示了意图识别器如何在存在错误和与执行意图识别相关的认知成本降低的情况下，即使面对最著名的合作重复困境的成功策略，也确实占优势。
