Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, 1600 Clifton Road MS-A19, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA.
Vaccine. 2012 Nov 6;30(48):6927-34. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.036. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Knowledge and beliefs about influenza vaccine that differ across racial or ethnic groups may promote racial or ethnic disparities in vaccination.
To identify associations between vaccination behavior and personal beliefs about influenza vaccine by race or ethnicity and education levels among the U.S. elderly population.
Data from a national telephone survey conducted in 2004 were used for this study. Responses for 3875 adults ≥ 65 years of age were analyzed using logistic regression methods.
Racial and ethnic differences in beliefs were observed. For example, whites were more likely to believe influenza vaccine is very effective in preventing influenza compared to blacks and Hispanics (whites, 60%; blacks, 47%, and Hispanics, 51%, p<0.01). Among adults who believed the vaccine is very effective, self-reported vaccination was substantially higher across all racial/ethnic groups (whites, 93%; blacks, 76%; Hispanics, 78%) compared to adults who believed the vaccine was only somewhat effective (whites 67%; blacks 61%, Hispanics 61%). Also, vaccination coverage differed by education level and personal beliefs of whites, blacks, and Hispanics.
Knowledge and beliefs about influenza vaccine may be important determinants of influenza vaccination among racial/ethnic groups. Strategies to increase coverage should highlight the burden of influenza disease in racial and ethnic populations, the benefits and safety of vaccinations and personal vulnerability to influenza disease if not vaccinated. For greater effectiveness, factors associated with the education levels of some communities may need to be considered when developing or implementing new strategies that target specific racial or ethnic groups.
不同种族或族裔群体对流感疫苗的知识和信念可能会促进疫苗接种方面的种族或族裔差异。
确定美国老年人群体中，疫苗接种行为与个人对流感疫苗的信念以及种族或族裔和教育程度之间的关联。
本研究使用了 2004 年进行的一项全国性电话调查的数据。使用逻辑回归方法分析了 3875 名年龄≥65 岁的成年人的回答。
观察到了信念方面的种族和族裔差异。例如，与黑人及西班牙裔相比，白人更相信流感疫苗在预防流感方面非常有效（白人，60%；黑人，47%，西班牙裔，51%，p<0.01）。在认为疫苗非常有效的成年人中，自我报告的接种率在所有种族/族裔群体中都显著更高（白人，93%；黑人，76%；西班牙裔，78%），而认为疫苗只是有些有效的成年人中，接种率较低（白人，67%；黑人，61%，西班牙裔，61%）。此外，不同教育程度和个人信念的白种人、黑种人和西班牙裔人的疫苗接种率也有所不同。
流感疫苗的知识和信念可能是影响种族/族裔群体接种流感疫苗的重要决定因素。为提高覆盖率，应强调流感疾病在不同种族和族裔人群中的负担、疫苗接种的益处和安全性以及如果不接种疫苗个人患流感的易感性。为了提高效果，在制定或实施针对特定种族或族裔群体的新策略时，可能需要考虑与一些社区教育程度相关的因素。
