Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Nov;46(11):1456-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.007. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Although cognitive-behavioural programmes for preventing depression have produced promising findings, their administration requires extensive training. Relaxation techniques are more straightforward psychological strategies, but they have not been investigated in the prevention of depression. This trial aimed to compare the results of relaxation training (RT) with that of a cognitive-behavioural programme (CBT) for prevention of depression in university students with elevated depressive symptoms. The 133 participants (mean age 23.3 years, 82% women) were randomly assigned to CBT or RT. Both programmes were administered to groups of 5 or 6 participants in eight weekly 90-min sessions. Participants were evaluated by independent raters before, immediately after, and 3 and 6 months after taking part in the programmes. By itself, intervention type had no significant effect on either depression or anxiety scores. The scores were lower at the follow-up time points with respect to pre-intervention scores. Effect size was greatest between pre- and immediately post-intervention scores for CBT, d = 1.32, 95% CI [1.00, 1.64], and between pre- and 6-month post-intervention scores for RT, d = 0.75, 95% CI [0.47, 1.03]. Anxiety symptoms were significantly improved by both interventions at 3-month follow-up, and by CBT at 6-month follow-up also. In the medium term (3-6 months), relaxation training produced similar reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms as a more complex cognitive-behavioural programme.
虽然认知行为预防抑郁症的方案已经取得了有希望的结果，但它们的实施需要广泛的培训。放松技术是更简单的心理策略，但它们尚未在预防抑郁症方面进行研究。本试验旨在比较放松训练（RT）与认知行为方案（CBT）对有抑郁症状升高的大学生预防抑郁症的结果。共有 133 名参与者（平均年龄 23.3 岁，82%为女性）被随机分配到 CBT 或 RT 组。两组方案均在 8 周的每周 90 分钟的 8 次会议中以 5 或 6 名参与者的小组形式进行。在参加方案之前、之后以及 3 个月和 6 个月后，由独立评估者对参与者进行评估。单独来看，干预类型对抑郁或焦虑评分均无显著影响。与干预前评分相比，随访时间点的评分较低。CBT 的干预效果最大，其效果大小在干预前和干预后即刻评分之间为 d = 1.32，95%置信区间[1.00，1.64]，而 RT 的效果大小在干预前和 6 个月后随访评分之间为 d = 0.75，95%置信区间[0.47，1.03]。两种干预措施均在 3 个月随访时显著改善了焦虑症状，CBT 在 6 个月随访时也改善了焦虑症状。在中期（3-6 个月），放松训练在降低抑郁和焦虑症状方面与更复杂的认知行为方案相似。
